WEBVTT

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Introduction, an explosive radiological

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dispersal device or RDD is an explosive

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device that disperses radioactive material.

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It can create ballistic fragments of radioactive material, shown here as yellow cubes.

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The dark purple area around the detonation site

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in each fragment indicates a
dangerous radiation area.

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The smoke generated by the
blast can also be radioactive.

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The smoke carried by the wind will contaminate

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buildings and ground surfaces in its path.

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This science-based response planning

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guidance for the response to a radiological

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dispersal device detonation is intended

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for first responders and local response agencies

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and is based on realistic estimates of the possible consequences

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This guidance document includes recommendation actions for

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emergency management, responders, and the public.

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It also includes capability recommendations

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such as personal protective equipment

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and templates for public messaging.

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The planning guidance is organized into missions and tactics.

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There are five time phased missions.

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One. Recognize, presence of radiation confirmed with two readings.

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Two. Inform, information is relayed to the EOC.

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The EOC triggers public messaging alerts,

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notifies partners, and requests assistance.

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Three. Initiate, life-saving rescue
operations and securing the scene.

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Four. Measure and map, ground measurements

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are recorded at specific locations to

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determine the extent of the danger.

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Five. Evacuate and monitor. Sheltered civilians

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will be instructed to evacuate the area

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and to participate in voluntary
contamination screenings.

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Within the five missions there are ten tactics,

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which are grouped to give

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more focus to individual operational areas.

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The tactics are numbered but not implied to be sequential.

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Missions and tactics overlap on the response time line.

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This is a flexible guidance document.

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Each individual jurisdiction will use it in

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different ways based on their preferred approach.

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Let's get started.

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The recognized mission,

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when responding to a radiological dispersal device,

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the first step is recognizing that a bomb

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of this type has been detonated

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and that radiation is present at the scene of the explosion.

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The recognized mission consists of two tactics.

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Tactic one.
Initial response and on-scene recognition.

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First responders are equipped with

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radiation detection equipment that is in

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continuous use when responding to an explosion.

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Use of radiation detectors provides

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first responders with situational awareness

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to promptly reveal the presence of radiation

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and associated hazards during a response.

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The recognized mission consists of two tactics.

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Tactic two. Confirm the presence of radiation.

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Once radiation is initially detected

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first responders need to confirm the

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presence of radiation by taking

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a minimum of, two readings, in two locations,

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using two separate radiation detection instruments.

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This tactic is completed in order to

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avoid unnecessarily alarming the public

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due to a false positive reading from one

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malfunctioning detector or a localized

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legitimate radiation source.

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Using two readings, taken at two locations,

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by two separate instruments can help

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mitigate the misidentification of an RDD detonation.

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The two measurements should be taken,

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a minimum of 50 feet apart from each other.

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Detectors should be held 3 feet above the ground.

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Both meters should register levels

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greater than 3 to 5 times the natural background

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to signify the presence of elevated radioactivity levels.

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Knowledge of various specific background

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radiation which may include natural variations

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is critical for identifying elevated radiation levels.

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Local agencies should take steps to

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understand, and map normal background

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radiation levels in their jurisdiction.

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The Inform Mission.

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After the presence of radiation is confirmed,

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it should be a priority to inform

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responders in the public of the initial

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default hot zone and shelter-in-place zone,

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and to notify local, state, and federal
authorities to request assistance.

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Tactic Three. Give report from the scene.

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The on-scene incident commander notifies

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command centers, including the EOC

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if already activated, that the explosion was from an RDD.

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The incident commander also informs

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all arriving emergency personnel on

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scene that radiation is present.

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Notifications should be made to

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The Emergency Management Agency, Dispatch,

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State and Federal Agency Headquarters,

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hospitals and emergency medical services.

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The initial notification should include the following information:

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the location of detonation,

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the two initial radiation readings,

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the direction of any smoke,

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damage, and number of casualties,

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other hazards at the scene.

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Responding EMS and receiving hospitals

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should be notified to prepare for receipt

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and treatment of casualties that may be

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radiologically contaminated,

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to ensure proper transport and treatment of the victims.

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An incident map is created
and shared with key agencies.

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In this example, the free tool, RAD Responder,

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is being used to identify the site of the explosion

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and to upload and display radiation measurements.

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This data map, over time, will be updated with

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protective action zones and additional

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radiological measurement data.

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Real-time information sharing is critical to

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to ensuring the safety of both responders and the public.

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The Inform Mission. Tactic Four.

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Issue Protective Actions to the Public.

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When radiation is confirmed at the scene,

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Emergency Management should issue

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pre-approved public messaging with

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immediate shelter in place instructions

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for the affected areas.

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The initial shelter in place area for

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public safety should be 500 meters or

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1,600 feet in all directions from the detonation point.

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In some instances, asking whole neighborhoods to

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shelter in place simplifies messaging.

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Use all media available to disseminate the message

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as quickly as possible without waiting to

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schedule a press conference.

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The overall intent is to have as many people

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as possible within the 500 meter radius shelter inside.

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The Informed Mission. Tactic 5.

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Notify partners and request assistance.

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Emergency Management notifies local, state, FEMA.

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and other federal partners that an RDD has detonated.

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This can be done using existing
protocols and procedures

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to notify and request assistance.

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Table 2 of the RDD Response Guidance contains a

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list of specialized resources and the support they can provide.

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Such resources include:
The State Radiation Control Authority,

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which provides radiological expertise

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and has the authority for managing

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radiological issues in your community,

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The National Guard Civil Support Team,

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which are regionally located teams

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with expertise in weapons of mass destruction,

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The Interagency Modeling and Atmospheric Assessment Center

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for modeling and downwind consequence prediction,

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The Federal Advisory Team for the environment, food

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and health which provides
protective action recommendations,

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The Department of Energy maintains several key assets,

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such as, The Aerial Measuring System

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which can rapidly map contamination using aircraft located on both coasts,

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The Radiological Assistance Program,

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which has specialized teams of radiation experts

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located throughout the nation.

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The Radiation Emergency Assistance Center

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and Training Site which provides support

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to the medical aspects of a radiological incident,

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The Federal Radiological Monitoring
and Assessment Center

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which provides remote and on-scene assistance

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and monitoring coordination and radiological assessments.

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During an emergency, all support requests should be

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routed through official channels,

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typically, from local, to state, to FEMA region.

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Although some capabilities can provide remote

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support immediately, most state and

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federal assets will not be on the scene

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during the first 100 minutes, but should

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be requested early so that they arrive

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as soon as possible.

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Incident data should be shared

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electronically with local, state, and federal agencies.

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Tools and services such as RAD Responder

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allow first responders and emergency managers

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to develop a common operating picture.

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The first 100 minutes, the detonation of

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a radiological dispersal device may

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produce radioactive ballistic fragments
that can give off radiation.

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In this example, the dangerous radiation zone

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around the fragment is shown in dark purple,

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the hot zone is shown in light purple.

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The detonation may also produce radioactive smoke.

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In an urban environment, this smoke can be

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carried in several different directions,

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and maybe a respirable hazard for

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those in the area within the first
15 minutes after the detonation.

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The smoke may also

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contaminate surfaces downwind possibly

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causing elevated radiation levels.

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This simulation tracks the responders

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exposure from all of the radioactive

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fragments and smoke contamination.

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The exposure rate at
the responder's location

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is shown by the top number and

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represents what would be
seen on a hand-held instrument.

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This guidance uses the
following hazard zone definitions:

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The hot zone is any exposure rate

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greater than point zero one hour per hour

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or 10 milli-R per hour. This zone can be

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safely operated and by responders for

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life saving and property protection

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activities, provided that unnecessary

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activities and time spent in this zone

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is minimized. Naming conventions for this

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zone vary. Consult your local doctrine.

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The dangerous radiation zone is defined

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as any area greater than 10 R per hour.

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Activities and this zone should be

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restricted to time-sensitive. Mission

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critical activities such as immediate

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life-saving, and should be performed as

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rapidly as possible. The total dose

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received by the responder is shown by

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the bottom number. In the United States,

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occupational workers typically have an

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annual dose guidance of 5 REM per year.

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There are no dose limits for emergency

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response activities, provided that all

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reasonable dose reduction actions have

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been taken. A 10 rem dose is justified

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for property protection, and a 25 REM

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dose is justified for life-saving

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activities. Again, these are not limits

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and higher doses can be justified for

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the protection of large populations when

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the responder is fully
aware of the risks involved.

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The Initiate Mission .

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Start live-saving
operations immediately on arrival,

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followed by securing and managing the

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scene, without waiting for radiation

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monitoring to begin, This mission

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consists of tactics numbered 6 and 7 and

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is conducted concurrently with the

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previous tactics and missions.

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Tactice 6:
Initiate Life-saving Rescue Operations

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First responders immediately begin

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life-saving rescue operations including

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search and rescue, fire suppression, and

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medical triage and treatment. These

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operations are not delayed because of

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the presence of radiation. Life-saving

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rescue operations must take priority

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over conducting radiological

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measurements or decontamination. Time

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working in the hot zone should be

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minimized, and managed by supervisors to

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ensure responder safety, by keeping

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potential radiological exposure as low

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as reasonably achievable. This is known

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as the ALARA principle. First responders

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should wear appropriate personal

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protective equipment to reduce the

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intake of airborne radioactivity, and

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help mitigate contamination while

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performing life-saving rescue operations.

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Although desirable, radiological

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monitoring equipment is not required for

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rescue operations. The existence of a

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significant dangerous radiation zone

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greater than 10 R per hour is unlikely,

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but possible. Even in an extreme case,

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with a very large radioactive source

269
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causing an extended area of dangerous

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radiation fields at the incident site, it

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would be unlikely that responders would

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receive a dose higher than the 25 rem

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guideline for life-saving operations.

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Rapid rescue of casualties and

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minimizing time spent at the scene of an

276
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RDD is the best method for keeping

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radiation exposures ALARA. By 15 minutes

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00:11:59.133 --> 00:12:00.933
after the initial detonation, the

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00:12:00.933 --> 00:12:03.066
concentrations of airborne radioactivity

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00:12:03.066 --> 00:12:04.899
will have substantially decreased and

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00:12:04.900 --> 00:12:06.600
the primary inhalation hazard will be

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from the resuspension of contamination

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00:12:08.566 --> 00:12:11.099
on the ground. First responders should be

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00:12:11.100 --> 00:12:12.966
alert for any possible localized high

285
00:12:12.966 --> 00:12:15.132
radiation levels, due to partially or

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00:12:15.133 --> 00:12:17.266
non-dispersed radioactive sources.

287
00:12:17.266 --> 00:12:20.199
293
00:12:20,200 --> 00:12:22,333
Responders should also be alert for the

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00:12:22.333 --> 00:12:24.499
possibility of a radioactive fragment

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00:12:24.500 --> 00:12:26.566
that may have been embedded in a person.

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If not identified during triage, this
that may have been embedded in a person.
If not identified during triage, this

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00:12:29.100 --> 00:12:30.633
type of wound could be a source of

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00:12:30.633 --> 00:12:32.366
prolonged exposure to the patient and

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00:12:32.366 --> 00:12:34.099
the responders who are treating the

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00:12:34.100 --> 00:12:36.733
injured person. During tactic six,

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emergency management should consider

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issuing a second public message that
emergency management should consider
issuing a second public message that

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includes information about the

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radiological hazard, and reiterates the

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shelter-in-place message. Message

300
00:12:46.333 --> 00:12:49.633
templates can be found in
annex 2 of of the document.

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00:12:49.633 --> 00:12:51.933
The Initiate Mission

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00:12:51.933 --> 00:12:55.833
Tactic Seven
Secure and Manage the Scene

303
00:12:55.833 --> 00:12:58.733
Law enforcement, in conjunction with fire,

304
00:12:58.733 --> 00:13:00.566
will help establish initial public

305
00:13:00.566 --> 00:13:02.632
safety boundaries around the scene.

306
00:13:02.633 --> 00:13:05.199
Initially these boundaries should use

307
00:13:05.200 --> 00:13:06.800
default distances from location of the

308
00:13:06.800 --> 00:13:08.200
explosion and include:

309
00:13:08.200 --> 00:13:09.766
316
00:13:09,766 --> 00:13:11,366
1. Designating everything
within 20 meters of the

310
00:13:11.366 --> 00:13:13.932
explosion a crime scene. This area can be

311
00:13:13.933 --> 00:13:16.133
a significant radiation hazard and only
explosion a crime scene. This area can be
a significant radiation hazard and only

312
00:13:16.133 --> 00:13:18.733
immediate life safety
action should be conducted.

313
00:13:18.733 --> 00:13:21.533
2. Establishing a safety perimeter

314
00:13:21.533 --> 00:13:24.599
for the initial hot zone at 250 meters.

315
00:13:24.600 --> 00:13:27.233
3. Enforcing the initial

316
00:13:27.233 --> 00:13:30.566
shelter in place zone set at 500 meters.

317
00:13:30.566 --> 00:13:32.266
If ground measurements identify

318
00:13:32.266 --> 00:13:34.232
significant contamination away from the

319
00:13:34.233 --> 00:13:35.233
incident scene,

320
00:13:35.233 --> 00:13:37.466
the initial 500 meter shelter-in-place

321
00:13:37.466 --> 00:13:39.099
boundary will be updated to include an

322
00:13:39.100 --> 00:13:41.066
additional 2,000 meters in the direction

323
00:13:41.066 --> 00:13:43.666
of contamination travel. No one should

324
00:13:43.666 --> 00:13:44.966
enter the crime scene around the

325
00:13:44.966 --> 00:13:46.799
detonation point unless there is a life

326
00:13:46.800 --> 00:13:48.900
safety need. This area should remain

327
00:13:48.900 --> 00:13:50.933
undisturbed until the FBI arrived to

328
00:13:50.933 --> 00:13:52.333
conduct their initial forensic

329
00:13:52.333 --> 00:13:54.599
assessment. If the scene includes

330
00:13:54.600 --> 00:13:56.533
potentially radioactive fragments, first

331
00:13:56.533 --> 00:13:58.699
responders should avoid handling any

332
00:13:58.700 --> 00:14:00.966
pieces. Fragments and debris should

333
00:14:00.966 --> 00:14:02.599
instead be marked and avoided to help

334
00:14:02.600 --> 00:14:05.000
reduce responder exposure. Law

335
00:14:05.000 --> 00:14:06.633
enforcement should focus on directing

336
00:14:06.633 --> 00:14:08.199
those who are within these boundaries to

337
00:14:08.200 --> 00:14:10.500
safety, and help identify injured or

338
00:14:10.500 --> 00:14:12.633
contaminated individuals. Crowd and

339
00:14:12.633 --> 00:14:14.399
traffic control should be used to keep

340
00:14:14.400 --> 00:14:16.000
people from entering potentially

341
00:14:16.000 --> 00:14:18.566
hazardous areas. In addition to managing

342
00:14:18.566 --> 00:14:21.132
safety boundaries, law enforcement in

343
00:14:21.133 --> 00:14:22.833
conjunction with fire, will help

344
00:14:22.833 --> 00:14:24.899
characterize and clear hazards prior to

345
00:14:24.900 --> 00:14:27.066
operations that do not involve life-saving.

346
00:14:27.066 --> 00:14:27.999
354
00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:29,733
The measure and map mission.

347
00:14:29.733 --> 00:14:33.233
Tactic 8
Measure and map radiation levels to

348
00:14:33.233 --> 00:14:34.666
characterize the extent of the

349
00:14:34.666 --> 00:14:36.732
radiological contamination and adjust

350
00:14:36.733 --> 00:14:39.466
hazard zones. Once life-saving operations

351
00:14:39.466 --> 00:14:41.266
have been concluded, hazard zone

352
00:14:41.266 --> 00:14:42.999
boundaries will be updated based on

353
00:14:43.000 --> 00:14:44.700
gamma dose rates and contamination

354
00:14:44.700 --> 00:14:46.966
levels of alpha and beta radiation.

355
00:14:46.966 --> 00:14:50.032
The hot zone should be defined by- gamma

356
00:14:50.033 --> 00:14:51.899
exposure rates that exceed 10 million

357
00:14:51.900 --> 00:14:54.533
per hour. Beta and gamma surface

358
00:14:54.533 --> 00:14:56.533
contamination that exceeds 60,000

359
00:14:56.533 --> 00:14:59.299
disintegrations per minute DPM per

360
00:14:59.300 --> 00:15:01.000
square centimeter when measured it half

361
00:15:01.000 --> 00:15:03.600
an inch above the ground, or alpha

362
00:15:03.600 --> 00:15:06.900
contamination that exceeds 6,000 DPM per

363
00:15:06.900 --> 00:15:08.300
square centimeter one measured at a

364
00:15:08.300 --> 00:15:10.300
quarter inch above the ground. A

365
00:15:10.300 --> 00:15:12.000
dangerous radiation zone should be

366
00:15:12.000 --> 00:15:13.866
designated wherever exposure rates

367
00:15:13.866 --> 00:15:16.132
exceed 10 R per hour. These zones should

368
00:15:16.133 --> 00:15:16.399
377
00:15:16,400 --> 00:15:18,400
be marked and avoided if possible. It is

369
00:15:18.400 --> 00:15:20.633
important to remember that measurements

370
00:15:20.633 --> 00:15:22.566
are secondary to the primary mission of

371
00:15:22.566 --> 00:15:24.899
performing life-saving rescue operations.

372
00:15:24.900 --> 00:15:27.033
Once life-saving operations have been

373
00:15:27.033 --> 00:15:29.033
adequately resourced, any additional

374
00:15:29.033 --> 00:15:31.299
resources can be used to monitor and map

375
00:15:31.300 --> 00:15:33.700
the radiological hazards. The collected

376
00:15:33.700 --> 00:15:35.566
radiological incident data will be

377
00:15:35.566 --> 00:15:37.499
reviewed by an analyst with expertise in
radiological incident data will be
reviewed by an analyst with expertise in

378
00:15:37.500 --> 00:15:39.300
interpreting radiological data. The

379
00:15:39.300 --> 00:15:41.633
on-scene incident commander will collect

380
00:15:41.633 --> 00:15:43.666
this data by assigning three strike

381
00:15:43.666 --> 00:15:46.032
teams to take measurements in two phases.

382
00:15:46.033 --> 00:15:49.066
These phases are described on pages 22

383
00:15:49.066 --> 00:15:52.066
to 32 of the RDD response guidance.

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00:15:52.066 --> 00:15:54.999
The evacuate and monitor mission.

385
00:15:55.000 --> 00:15:58.533
Evacuate and monitor
populations from impacted areas

386
00:15:58.533 --> 00:16:00.899
and begin to identify locations to open

387
00:16:00.900 --> 00:16:02.466
community reception centers for

388
00:16:02.466 --> 00:16:04.732
screening and population monitoring.

389
00:16:04.733 --> 00:16:08.299
Tactic 9
Commence phased evacuations.

390
00:16:08.300 --> 00:16:11.000
First responders establish evacuation

391
00:16:11.000 --> 00:16:13.133
routes and exit points based on

392
00:16:13.133 --> 00:16:15.099
radiological measurements taken in the

393
00:16:15.100 --> 00:16:17.266
field. Having identified hazards and
radiological measurements taken in the
field. Having identified hazards and

394
00:16:17.266 --> 00:16:19.632
contaminated areas, responders will help

395
00:16:19.633 --> 00:16:21.433
the evacuating population avoid

396
00:16:21.433 --> 00:16:24.499
hazardous areas. If possible, try to phase

397
00:16:24.500 --> 00:16:26.100
the release of populations who are

398
00:16:26.100 --> 00:16:27.866
sheltered in place within these areas to

399
00:16:27.866 --> 00:16:29.866
ensure an orderly evacuation.
sheltered in place within these areas to
ensure an orderly evacuation.

400
00:16:29.866 --> 00:16:32.499
However, responders should expect mass

401
00:16:32.500 --> 00:16:34.500
self-evacuations from all over the

402
00:16:34.500 --> 00:16:36.500
jurisdiction, regardless of whether

403
00:16:36.500 --> 00:16:39.400
populations are in the impacted area or not.

404
00:16:39.400 --> 00:16:41.166
If it is determined that there was a

405
00:16:41.166 --> 00:16:43.266
significant amount of contaminated smoke

406
00:16:43.266 --> 00:16:45.166
released, expect the size of the

407
00:16:45.166 --> 00:16:47.466
evacuation zone to potentially expand on

408
00:16:47.466 --> 00:16:49.032
the extent of the contamination is

409
00:16:49.033 --> 00:16:51.333
determined. While evacuations are

410
00:16:51.333 --> 00:16:53.433
underway, a press conference should be
determined. While evacuations are
underway, a press conference should be

411
00:16:53.433 --> 00:16:55.833
conducted that covers the following topics:

412
00:16:55.833 --> 00:16:58.966
1. Updates regarding the response effort.

413
00:16:58.966 --> 00:17:01.999
2. Evacuation Information

414
00:17:02.000 --> 00:17:05.900
3. Instructions for self-decontamination.

415
00:17:05.900 --> 00:17:09.533
4. Other protective actions as needed.

416
00:17:09.533 --> 00:17:11.533
CNX two of the RDD

417
00:17:11.533 --> 00:17:13.333
guidance for template messages and key

418
00:17:13.333 --> 00:17:13.466
428
00:17:13,466 --> 00:17:16,132
information that should be
messaged to the public.

419
00:17:16.133 --> 00:17:19.266
The evacuate and monitor mission.

420
00:17:19.266 --> 00:17:23.032
Tactic 10. Monitor and decontaminate.

421
00:17:23.033 --> 00:17:24.699
As practical and without creating a

422
00:17:24.700 --> 00:17:27.300
significant evacuation delay, initiate

423
00:17:27.300 --> 00:17:28.966
procedures to control the spread of

424
00:17:28.966 --> 00:17:31.599
contamination. Anyone with physical

425
00:17:31.600 --> 00:17:33.566
trauma or injury should be sent directly

426
00:17:33.566 --> 00:17:34.832
to medical care.

427
00:17:34.833 --> 00:17:37.599
Once evacuation routes and exit points

428
00:17:37.600 --> 00:17:40.100
are identified out of the hot zone, teams

429
00:17:40.100 --> 00:17:41.766
of first responders should establish

430
00:17:41.766 --> 00:17:44.066
contamination screening checkpoints at

431
00:17:44.066 --> 00:17:46.166
the designated exit points in areas

432
00:17:46.166 --> 00:17:48.066
without an elevated radiation background

433
00:17:48.066 --> 00:17:50.566
caused by the event. Responders should

434
00:17:50.566 --> 00:17:52.466
encourage evacuating individuals from

435
00:17:52.466 --> 00:17:54.566
the hot zone to participate in voluntary

436
00:17:54.566 --> 00:17:56.966
contamination screenings. Do not

437
00:17:56.966 --> 00:17:58.499
quarantine or detain evacuating

438
00:17:58.500 --> 00:18:00.400
individuals, even if they declined to

439
00:18:00.400 --> 00:18:03.300
undergo contamination screening. Various

440
00:18:03.300 --> 00:18:05.166
radiological detection instruments can

441
00:18:05.166 --> 00:18:07.499
be used for contamination screening.

442
00:18:07.500 --> 00:18:07.866
453
00:18:07,866 --> 00:18:10,332
In this example, a pancake g-m detector is

443
00:18:10.333 --> 00:18:12.633
moved at approximately 2 feet per second,

444
00:18:12.633 --> 00:18:14.599
and six inches away from the surface of

445
00:18:14.600 --> 00:18:17.200
the individual's body. The normal range of

446
00:18:17.200 --> 00:18:19.600
background radiation is 0 to 80 counts

447
00:18:19.600 --> 00:18:22.300
per minute. If more than twice background

448
00:18:22.300 --> 00:18:24.466
is detected during the survey, move in for

449
00:18:24.466 --> 00:18:26.999
an initial screening
decision measurement.

450
00:18:27.000 --> 00:18:29.200
In this example, an initial

451
00:18:29.200 --> 00:18:32.100
screening decision criteria of 1,000 CPM

452
00:18:32.100 --> 00:18:33.633
was not exceeded, so no action is

453
00:18:33.633 --> 00:18:36.599
necessary. Continue the survey by moving

454
00:18:36.600 --> 00:18:38.366
the detection probe along the indicated

455
00:18:38.366 --> 00:18:41.166
path, shown here. Maintain a probe

456
00:18:41.166 --> 00:18:43.199
distance of 6 inches from the subject's

457
00:18:43.200 --> 00:18:46.000
body. Once again, the detector has

458
00:18:46.000 --> 00:18:47.366
registered more than two times

459
00:18:47.366 --> 00:18:50.032
background. Move probe within one inch

460
00:18:50.033 --> 00:18:52.899
for decision measurement. In this example,

461
00:18:52.900 --> 00:18:54.900
the detector is now registering more

462
00:18:54.900 --> 00:18:57.000
than 1,000 counts per minute, which is

463
00:18:57.000 --> 00:18:58.600
above the designated initial screening

464
00:18:58.600 --> 00:19:00.466
decision level, and the subject should be

465
00:19:00.466 --> 00:19:02.199
directed to on-site decontamination

466
00:19:02.200 --> 00:19:04.666
efforts if available. Initial screening

467
00:19:04.666 --> 00:19:06.566
techniques should be adjusted to ensure

468
00:19:06.566 --> 00:19:08.266
screening wait times do not become

469
00:19:08.266 --> 00:19:10.399
excessive. Examples of adjusted

470
00:19:10.400 --> 00:19:11.800
techniques include:

471
00:19:11.800 --> 00:19:15.533
1. Increase initial screening
decision level to 10,000

472
00:19:15.533 --> 00:19:16.533
counts per minute.

473
00:19:16.533 --> 00:19:20.199
2. Survey only likely areas be contaminated,

474
00:19:20.200 --> 00:19:22.133
such as the hands and feet.

475
00:19:22.133 --> 00:19:24.999
3. Use alternative equipment, such as

476
00:19:25.000 --> 00:19:26.833
dose rate instruments or radiation

477
00:19:26.833 --> 00:19:29.133
pagers, to support screening activities.

478
00:19:29.133 --> 00:19:31.799
All evacuees should be
provided information on

479
00:19:31.800 --> 00:19:34.166
self-decontamination, and encouraged

480
00:19:34.166 --> 00:19:37.299
community reception center, or CRC,

481
00:19:37.300 --> 00:19:40.633
once they are established
for further evaluation.

482
00:19:40.633 --> 00:19:43.933
To review all of the information

483
00:19:43.933 --> 00:19:45.399
presented in these videos,

484
00:19:45.400 --> 00:19:47.600
you can download the PDF of the RDD

485
00:19:47.600 --> 00:19:49.033
response guidance here.