[ Music ]
Okay so we are very excited and happy
to have our CISA partners with us today,
and our first presentation as Vincent mentioned we'll have two
from CISA and the first one is Robert Dew is our speaker.
And he's the senior technologist advisor for the Cyber Security
and Infrastructure Security Agency.
He's responsible for the overall technical development
on design development testing and deployment of priority
and interoperability
of next-generation network priority services,
including government emergency telecommunication service
and wireless priority service.
He's also responsible for technical advisement
on the transition of 5G and technologies for data
across Internet of Things for public safety.
He has over 20 years of experience
in wireless telecommunications and we're very excited
to have him here today.
So I'll turn it over to him.
[ Applause ]
Got a laser pointer here.
Okay good.
Yeah, so as Vincent said and I've been introduced as,
I'm a senior technologist advisor with the Cyber Security
and Infrastructure Security Agency.
We became an operational agency in November last year.
The primary mission of CISA is really
to protect America's critical infrastructure
from physical and cyber threats.
And I'm particularly, I am mostly do
in the emergency communications division which Vincent put
up in one of the charts earlier.
Next slide.
[ Inaudible ]
Oh you want me to advance it, oh okay.
All right.
Okay so as CISA is the customer
for DHS S&T our customers really are public safety
and national security
in emergency preparedness personnel.
And one of our big priorities
in emergency communications is making sure that voice, video,
data is interoperable and prioritized at an event.
You have very big events that happen in the United States,
you have the Virginia earthquake,
obviously the Boston Marathon happened here, school shootings,
that sort of thing where a lot of different agencies
and jurisdictions have to respond,
law enforcement, EMS, fire.
And they need to be able to exchange data and make sure
that their voice, video and data is interoperable,
as well as their communications are prioritized.
So it's a very difficult ecosystem
that we're dealing with, we could have interoperability
between wireless broadband, land mobile radio,
alerts and warnings, NG 911, any sort of network device,
communications or system the public safety
and ns/ep personnel use we are really like the national leader
in collaboration on those efforts
for public safety and ns/ep users.
So a lot of the things that we do at CISA
in the emergency communications division is
at a national level we have a national emergency
communications plan which is currently we're going
to be bringing out the 2019 version of it, 2014 is up there.
It's under public common, it's currently being reviewed.
This is kind of like the North Star
for emergency communications for the nation in terms
of governance and best practices.
We also engage a lot at the state level
with statewide interoperability coordinators.
We work with a group called SafeCom.
SafeCom is a group of public safety users that we meet
with twice a year, we have working groups throughout the
year to try to get what are the needs for public safety
and how can we help them operationalize the technologies
out there for interoperability.
We also work with the National Council
of Statewide Interoperability coordinators
which these individuals at the state level are responsible
for coordinating all the emergency communications
in their state.
We do a lot of technical assistance and training
in exercise with public safety.
So we deal a lot with the federal, state, local, tribal,
and territorial levels in the United States.
So three of the services that I'm intimately involved
in is the Government Emergency Communications Service,
the Government Emergency Telecommunications Service,
Wireless Priority Service,
and the Telecommunications Service Priority.
GETS and WPS provide priority to ns/ep
and public safety personnel
when the wireless networks are congested
so that they can get their voice calls
through and across carriers.
There are 29 wireless and wireline carriers,
I'm sure you're very familiar with them.
We have all the large nationwide wireless carriers involved
in this.
The telecommunication service priority is when there is damage
to network and circuits go down.
This is a service
that prioritizes restoring those circuits
that ns/ep users need after an emergency.
So there's a lot of things we do in governance, in guidance,
in best practices for public safety.
We work a lot with DHS S&T doing R&D and the technology that's
out there and operationalizing it
for public safety and ns/ep users.
But we're also the operational agent for these services
that have been in existence since September 11th,
and GETS was even in existence prior to that.
Okay so I'm going to go a little bit over a 5G overview,
I think a lot of the people
in the audience probably understand a lot of what 5G is
in terms of the core, the applications, the RAN.
I'm going to try to go through this pretty fast.
But I want to make sure that you understand kind
of the complexity and the ecosystem that we're dealing
with and this is where we're coming
up with these impacts both positive and some
that we have some concerns
about for public safety and ns/ep users.
And why we're really looking to work with DHS S&T at industry
to help us close some of these gaps.
So a lot of the vision for 5G that's up here was put forward
by a lot of early visionaries in 5G like Dr. Ted Rappaport
at New York University who was actually
out in Manhattan doing measurements at 28 and 39 GHz
to actually prove that 5G could be deployed
for fixed wireless access and mobility.
So some of the key tenets or pillars I see
of 5G is a demand attentive network.
This is a network that can look at the users and applications
where they are and can elastically respond
to those needs, provide priority, latency,
throughput exactly where it's needed depending
on what the user is doing and where the user is.
It's also pushing a lot more processing
to the edge of the network.
Instead of taking all this information and bringing it
into the core and processing it, there's going to be a lot
of edge computing and processing that can be done at the edge
of the network which I think is really going to help
with security and helping to prioritize communications.
And getting a very good baseline
of what the network normally looks like during busy hour
from traffic and signaling and then what it looks
like when there's congestion or potential anomalies.
Advanced spectrum sharing, there's a lot of talk
about dynamic spectrum sharing going on right now.
So the ability to use different technologies
in various frequency bands.
There's going to be a lot more spectrum
that we're going to be able to use.
We're going to be able to do much more
of a heterogeneous network design with multiple site types,
multiple frequency bands,
and multiple radio access technologies.
5G is really, it is about the new radio in RF
but it's also an umbrella that could sit over,
I mean Bluetooth, LTE is still going to be here, satellite.
So it uses multiple RF technologies going back
to eventually the same 5G core.
Obviously, the data rates are going to be going up very high.
We've had megabits per second in LTE, now we're going
up another order of magnitude of gigabits per second.
We're reducing the latency from 10 milliseconds
on the AR interface trying to get it down to 1 millisecond.
And in terms of the convergence of fiber and wireless.
You know I'm going to show an example design in Portland,
Oregon that shows a lot of 5G everywhere
but we know 5G is not going to be everywhere
in terms of the mmWave 5G.
You maybe see 5G at lower bands like T-Mobile 600 megahertz band
but 5G mmWave with extremely high throughputs is not going
to be everywhere, it's really going to be in areas
where the public tends to congregate
and in dense urban areas or it could be in more rural areas
and suburban areas as well.
But it'll really have to be focused where people are
because it's very expensive to deploy
for ubiquitous coverage at mmWave bands.
And I think some of the use cases everybody knows.
I mean HDTV, immersive gaming, augmented reality,
virtual reality, autonomous vehicles, smart cities are a lot
of things that are driving the need for 5G.
I think I'm going to skip this just due to time,
but I want to talk about the last bullet.
One of the things that we're really concerned
about is you know in 3G and 4G networks you had this kind
of purpose-built hardware boxes that did a very specific thing.
And what we're doing now in 5G is we're talking
about logical functions
and we're taking those hardware boxes, and we're breaking them
into software building blocks which is very good in terms
of the network can be much more elastic and reactive.
But it also has a lot of complexity in terms
of securities where functionality is in the network,
where it's not really physically located
in one place it's really more of a logical instance.
So I want to talk about a little bit about the need for 5G
like why are we going up to things like mmWave band.
Well these are the 28 modulation and coding schemes in LTE
and this is a link curve.
So a lot of wireless vendors use this to determine what sort
of signal to interference and noise ratio they can handle
and what modulation and coding scheme they can provide,
which is ultimately your throughput
or your cell spectral efficiency,
how many bits per hertz can you do in a certain area.
And with the frequency and time resource blocks we've got
in LTE we've kind of hit about 75% to 80% of Shannon's limit.
And what happens in LTEE, so you've got coverage
and you design for coverage for a certain cell ledge uplink
and downlink minimum throughput.
But to increase capacity
in a coverage area what carriers do is they site densify
so they start packing more and more sites into a coverage area.
Now the issue is when you've got the same frequency band
and especially at lower bands what happens
in 3G what we saw was that the inter --
so this right here is the number of cell sites that you have.
And this is basically the probability
that you're meeting a design SNR which is related to loading
which is obviously related to your throughput.
Here's SNR and here's throughput.
In 3G we usually saw you add more and more sites
to a certain area of coverage to increase capacity
and your SNR starts to kind of level off.
So you're basically you're adding more sites to an area,
you're meeting more network demand
but you're also increasing interference in that area.
What I've seen with a lot of the small cell designs
that I've done in 5G and 4G moving forward is
that when you start putting more and more sites
in you're increasing your SNR and you're increasing throughput
but actually what happens is you hit a tipping point
where you start adding more sites,
you're actually doing a disservice
to the actual SNR design, and I'll show this in a little bit.
Even though you're giving more capacity
for the network demand you're actually increasing
your interference.
And there gets to a point where you do a trade-off,
especially at lower bands where LTE operates below 6 GHz
in the United States where you really can't add anymore sites.
So what we need is we need more spectrum and we need to go
to frequency bands that are higher
that don't cause so much interference.
When you go up to mmWave and you start doing smart beamforming,
you can put multiple beams
on a user using massive MIMO smart beamforming.
Where a SNR starts to go away is an issue
and you're really dealing more with the noise floor.
Now granted the distance between a user
and the site gets much smaller which is why you need more sites
but you get away from this SNR problem you have
in lower frequency bands.
So to really get the gigabits per second throughput
that we need in the low latency and moving
to mmWave bands we really need that extra higher frequency
and more spectrum that's available
at that higher frequency.
So here's just an example I just pulled Verizon,
this was a frequency band chart I did.
This is their -- basically their 4G holding.
So they've got, if you go in most urban areas with carriers
like Verizon and AT&T, you'll see about 50 by 50, 60 by 60,
65 by 65 MHz which is a lot of spectrum.
But when you look at their mmWave holdings you can see
in even just one mmWave holding you've got 850 MHz.
So when you start moving up to these very high frequency bands
into the mmWave band you start having GHz of spectrum available
to you and that's how we're going to be able
to get these very high throughputs.
So this is a drive test that I did in a rural county
in Minnesota and the point I wanted to make here,
and this is a lake, is
that coverage is really dominated by the lower bands.
It's really dominated by --
T-Mobile didn't have their 600 MHz up at the time I did this
but you really see like AT&T, the Verizons
of the world are really dominating coverage
in the 700 MHz band.
And those bands are going to be there for a long time.
So we're really -- these are the types of bands
where you can do 5G on them but you're really not going
to be able to get the very high throughput that you want.
And you're not going to be able
to that high throughput everywhere,
it's going to be in dense urban areas.
So the way I've see heterogeneous network
and small cell design go from 4G moving into 5G is
that it's very, the biggest issue is to look
where the population is actually not just with census data,
where they're living and where they're working, but actually
where they congregate during the day.
And this is why you have to start looking at social data
and take data from places like Twitter because you actually see
where the people cluster during the day.
If you look at how many people live in Manhattan
versus how many people come
into Manhattan during the day it's a very big difference.
This is Grant Park in Chicago and for small cell design
to increase that cell spectral efficiency and put the site
as close to the users as possible you've got
to have a good social intensity heat map, and you've really got
to put those sites dead center where the population is.
And this is how the carriers are going to make a lot of money,
this is how they make their money, and how they're going
to have to do their 5G designs.
And we care about this with public safety
because we want very good communications in area
where loss of life is most likely to occur.
So this is just showing kind of a Het-Net design,
in the upper left-hand corner you've got macro cells.
And this is your cell spectral efficiency and what you want
to do is increase that cell spectral efficiency as high
as possible because you're putting more throughput
to where people most likely are located per square meter.
And when you start doing a Het-Net design
which we're seeing, we've seen now in 4G and we're going
to see a lot of that in 5G is you start putting pico
and femtocells, you're not only increasing the cell spectral
efficiency you're also taking those macro sites
and you're moving farther along the ground.
So this is how you increase your cell spectral efficiency is
by using different cell types and different frequency bands.
Okay so for an optimized design in LTE and moving into 5G some
of the key things that I usually look
for are very highly accurate terrain data.
In 3G and even I've seen in 4G design they could kind
of do maybe 30, 40, 100-meter terrain values.
Well now when you get the sites that are going
to be covering tens of meters potentially you know your
terrain bins need to be down in the centimeter.
So I see highly high accurate terrain data
and you need highly accurate aboveground clutter data
which we usually use lidar data for.
And as I showed previously you need social intensity heat maps
to make sure that your designs are very accurate
but you're also putting the designs
where they're most needed.
So this was a design I did
in the Citizen Broadband Radio Services, the 3 dot 5 GHz.
And what it shows is that for fixed wireless access this is
the number of base stations you need and the number of CPEs
that you have are here.
And for fixed wireless access about 22.6 sites was ideal
for this design I did.
And it was in Loudoun County,
it's a suburban county outside of Washington DC.
But for mobile coverage inside those buildings
and here's the buildings and here's the coverage,
about 28.7 sites was optimal.
And this is actually a real design it was a 20 MHz channel
in the CBRS band.
And the point I'm trying to make here is the more sites you jam
into an area you actually start losing your efficiency
in terms of your payback.
So really you can only cram so many sites at lower bands
into a coverage area before you start having a lot
of interference.
And this, I don't know can you play that video off there?
If you go down, it's like the radio button is like right here.
The reason we didn't do a lot of beamforming in lower bands
in LTE is because you can see this was below 6 GHz,
if you just hit the arrow there.
And you can see what happens is that because the beamforming is
so wide and you get these sideloads.
The reason beamforming was hard to do in lower bands is
that you're spreading RF everywhere is you're moving
that beam around, that's great for that one site for coverage
but then you're blowing away the adjacent site right next to it.
And the reason beamforming works so well in mmWave
and higher frequency is because the beam widths are much tighter
and they don't cause that interference with each other.
So I've talked a lot about the RAN, the RF side of it.
In terms of the 5G core what's really changing is again we're
going to network function virtualization software
defined networks.
And we're moving, we're starting out right now
where we've got a 4G eNB and we're adding a 5G radio,
and a lot of this has been done with the carriers
with fixed wireless access
but it's still going back to a 4G core.
So eventually we want to get to the point
where all the radios are going back to this 5G software core.
And this is the area where there's going to be a lot
of performance issues that are going to be fantastic
but where we get into a little bit
of concern in terms of security.
So this is basically just showing that in 5G the services
and software is being disaggregated from the hardware.
And you're having this ability
to do this thing called network slicing now
where you can logically slice across your RAN core
and your RAN core and your transport network
to provide very specific priority and security features
for a specific type of group of users or a group of devices.
And ultimately what we would really like to see in terms
of priority services like wireless priority service is
to actually have network service as a slice.
For a specific group of public safety users,
ns/ep users that need special priority
in a congestion event during a network, for the network to have
that ability to be able to slice across the network
and provide them low latency prioritized signaling
and traffic when they need it.
The other thing that we're also looking at as well
with this network slicing and talking between the RAN
and the core is depending on what type of application,
they're doing you want to put them on the right site type
and the right frequency band.
If someone's doing a voice call and they're
in a car you don't want to move them up to mmWave bands
where you've got beamforms
on street poles trying to follow them.
You want that on current LTE you know 700 MHz,
something below 6 GHz because it provides wide coverage,
and it's only like maybe 33 to 40 kb per second voice.
But if they're nomadic and they're having to pull
down building plans or they're staged
in an area let's say outside of a school shooting,
then you may want them to have some video
and high-speed data then you may want to put them on mmWave.
So the network needs to know who the user is,
what their priority is, what radio access technologies,
frequency bands, and site types are available to them
and ideally put them on the right physical resource
for that user for the application
that they're trying to do.
So the first three network slices that we're seeing
and Massive IoT will be coming out in
like release 17 3GPP is the enhanced mobile broadband
to have very high-speed broadband.
The ultralow latency for stuff like industrial control
for like autonomous vehicles, and then obviously Massive IoT
which is coming from all these IoT, these 10 of billions
of connections we're going to be having in the next five years.
I'll go through this quickly, this is just the latest chart
from the Ericsson Mobility Report that came out last month.
But you know you can see that we're
up to 22.3 billion connections by 2024
with a compound annual growth rate of about 27%
for wide-area and short-range 15%.
So the point is there's a connection density coming in 5G
that from a security point and an attack vector point
of view we have not had to deal with before.
So this is for smart cities, for vehicles in smart cities,
this is just making a point that design has to be very accurate
down to very small bin sizes because now we're dealing
in a much smaller footprint than we were with like macro sites.
We really want to deal down to the submeter accuracy
when we're doing 5G design.
So some of the key issues that we're dealing
with in 5G, one is coexistence.
So you know we've had like power companies being
on Skata systems, we've had public safety having land
mobile radio.
Well now everything is coming together in LTE and moving to 5G
so you've got a lot of utilities, public safety, ns/ep,
a lot of prioritized users that are coming
onto the same technology, the same frequency band.
We need to manage priority and pre-emption,
who gets priority in what case.
And that's t even including all the IoT that's going
to be coming about so how do you separate human base
and prioritize communication from IoT,
and it's the same thing with security.
Flexible mechanisms to enforce relative priority.
So the network has to be very smart to know who's doing what
when and what rights they have, and it needs to be able
to do that very quickly.
And it needs to be able to take that feedback
from the edge computing going on at the edge of the network
to make those decisions.
A lot of the issues with priority are going
to be even more complicated
by a different traffic profile that you might have.
You may have a robot that's going in
and doing reconnaissance in a building that's collapsed
that may need high-speed video.
And you're going to have to go to prioritize at the site users
that were getting very high priority now they're going
to have to give up some of their bandwidth potentially
for this video service.
So it's getting much more complicated in terms
of the priority, the preemption and the security
of how you handle when a lot
of different prioritized users doing different things are
trying to use the same resource.
And then network slicing obviously I talked
about earlier is you know we really want
to see network slicing as a service and the ability
to slice a specific type of user into a network slice.
And still keep that network slice secure
and not allow someone to attack one slice
to get to another slice.
If you've got a device and you've got three
or four network slices attached
to that device you don't want a user trying to get in,
a malperformer [phonetic] trying to get in and have an easy slice
to attack and they attack to that slice
and then they can get to another slice.
So you need the flexibility of network slicing but you have
to be able to secure it as well.
Access control is a big issue,
like the network doesn't know what you want
to do ahead of time.
So when you first come into a network in LTE
or on the random-access control channel
and that's just basically a contention-based channel
where you say hey, I want to do something, and the eNB has
to hear you, it has to resolve and get back to you.
Then you tell them okay I have an establishment cause;
I want to do this and then you tell them what network ID you
have and all of that.
But that first initial talking
to the network right now really doesn't have a lot of priority
and it's probably going to need priority in 5G
with autonomous vehicles because they need very low latency.
So that initial [inaudible],
that kind of congestion-based channel we're going to have
to wrestle with that for priority and security as well.
Let's see, I think the rest of this --
yeah, so these are just some more of the issues,
there's a lot of things we're going to get in 5G but because
of the complexity it's going to take a lot more to secure a lot
of it so I'm going to move along.
Can you just pause here real quick?
So what I'm trying to do with this Portland, Oregon example is
to show you the scale of what a 5G network could look like
and how public safety could be using it, and why we need
to make sure that it's secure.
And I tried to throw every buzzword in here,
so it's got like sensors, it's got IoT, it's got mmWave,
it's got network slicing, it's got Het-Net design.
But it's also a core network that's able to get an input
which we'll show as an explosion on a sensor and it's able
to prioritize cameras in that area to give them priority
to get eyes on the incident as soon as possible.
But it's also showing a lot of the issues that I brought
up with IoT like you know ubiquitous network connectivity,
enhanced situational awareness, process optimization,
and real-time response and control.
So that's -- I'm trying to show all of this
in this example design.
You can play the video, thanks.
Oh okay, let's see.
Okay here we go.
So what I've done is I've pulled
in all the light poles in Portland.
So there's like tens of thousands of them,
they're color-coded differently just depending on who owns them.
So what we're going to go through is look
at the mounting assets that we're going to put 5G devices on
and I'm choosing light poles for that
so this is just zooming in and showing that.
Now these sites here that you see are
like three sectored sites, these are macro sites that are of one
of the wireless carriers.
So it's LTE coverage in like the 600, 700 MHz band.
What I've also done is I've pulled
in public safety hub sites because we may
from a fixed wireless access point of view need to go
from those light poles to public safety sites
to these macro sites.
So the kind of design setup here is there's no fiber
to the light poles so we have to do that wirelessly.
And we ultimately have to get this traffic
that we're gathering at the light poles back to macro sites
which have fiber and we're going
to use 5G mmWave fixed wireless access to do this.
So I also pulled in all the building addresses
in a design area in Portland in case I needed to use buildings
for temporary sites because you might not have line of sight
from a street pole directly to the macro site.
So you may have to go to a building, you may have to go
to an intermediate hub site.
So this is just showing the building addresses there.
So what I did is this was all done in an RF tool
but I've pulled it into Google Earth so you can kind
of visually see what's going on here.
So as I talked about earlier, the social intensity heat map.
So this is a social intensity heat map which is used
to prioritize the 5G design.
We want to make sure whatever light poles we're putting 5G
nodes on they're as close to where the public gathers
and is most likely to be which is good for public safety
because that's where loss of life is most likely to occur.
So you can see the more red it is, the more intense,
the more people are gathering.
And this is just going into a 3-D view of it
so you can kind of picture it.
It's along the river there.
I gave this presentation to a public safety group and we were
at a Marriott in Portland so I kind of centered the design
around the Marriott there.
But this is along the water here so you can see
that hotel there is actually where I was giving it.
And you can see when I did the design I used lidar data
so everything's accurate down to a submeter, the trees,
the buildings, everything.
So you can see that it's a lot of intensity there in terms
of where people are gathering
so again just pulled into Google Earth.
What we also did was a viewshed analysis,
we looked down at the light poles
and made sure we had very good visual line of sight
to the light poles as well.
So when we're placing where we're going to put 5G notes
on light poles we're placing it on where people are most likely
to be and where we have very good visibility,
and also where crime is most likely to occur.
So I took like the last 10 years of crime in Portland
and I said we need to make sure
that for public safety you know we have eyes
on where crime is most likely to occur.
There were dozens of different types of crime,
I didn't weight crime differently like murder
versus larceny, we could do that.
But it's showing you where crime is most likely to be
and it is usually where people gather.
But you can see luckily
for us outside the hotel it wasn't too bad,
Chinatown doesn't look so good
but you know it seemed pretty safe.
So I'm showing you the mounting assets
and I'm showing you what drives where we put sites,
which is where people are most likely to be in crime intensity.
What you can also do with this is also look at infrastructure,
damage to infrastructure, and natural disasters
where they're most likely to occur.
So this is showing the crime intensity
with the hub sites that we're using.
And if you could pause it just real quick here, sorry.
So what this is showing you is the connection of the sensors
on light poles is by existing LTE and this is the coverage.
So it's very low latency, it's like a massive IoT design,
you need a lot of coverage,
you want it at a lower frequency band.
So the sensors will pick it up on LTEE,
the 5G core network is going to read it,
and then the 5G core is going to go out to the edge
of the network and prioritize turning on these IP cameras.
And we need 5G throughput for IP cameras because if you look
at like a body-worn camera a police officer might wear,
if it's a 720P camera it's recording
about 5.5 gigabytes per hour,
that's like 5 megabits per second.
If you're at the edge of an LTE cell and you're trying to uplink
that kind of video, and I've actually done a lot --
I did quite a few video testing over the last couple of weeks,
you'll take all the resources of a 10 MHz resource at LTE.
So we really need 5G throughput to stream video.
Okay thanks.
I just wanted to make sure you understood this is a coverage
design so it's going down to negative 120 dBm
which in LTE we call this RSRP,
it's reference signal received power,
it's how you determine coverage.
Okay so the design is showing all
of the fixed wireless access links,
and you'll see red, orange and yellow.
So I didn't go more than three hops because I want
to keep the latency as low as possible.
But this is connecting all the light poles
that I prioritized based on that social intensity back
through buildings back to these macro sites.
So I'm not saying that a wireless carrier is going
to have a design this ubiquitous so this is a sample design,
it's very accurate down to a meter.
But this is to try to give you the scope of the issue
that we're dealing with and how ubiquitous 5G could be
in our future in the next couple of years.
And you can see, I actually walked across the street,
and you can see that yellow line.
You could actually see right between the trees
and you have line of sight to the top of that Marriott.
So it's a highly accurate design, you know you've got
to have submeter accuracy to do this because once you're
in mmWave everything's got to be line of sight,
it's not like 700 MHz where you're multipath rich
and you know signals are changing polarization
and bouncing off buildings.
You know you can reflect those type of 700 MHz off buildings,
you'll get a lot of energy out of the second reflection,
not really going to be the case
with mmWave it really is line of sight.
Okay so sorry this is not an IMAX experience
but this is the best I could do in terms of video.
But this is actually out on the street in front of the Marriott.
So this is doing the case of if an explosion happened
and it got picked up by a sensor
on that light pole how would the core network have the RF 5G
network react.
So okay, this video goes a lot faster when you're
by yourself looking at it too.
Anyway so here's the beamforming that happens off the light pole
so you can see the kind of coverage that you can get.
And again it's not like a fixed coverage like LTE
where you got three sectors and it's sitting there,
you know it is beamforming around.
So it's showing the area
where you can actually beamform a signal.
So you're seeing the mobility here, if you can see
that red kind of painting out on the area there.
And then you've got the fixed wireless access
which are the red, orange and yellow lines.
Now you'll see these green sticks
and you might be saying what is that.
That's actually the lidar height of the building
so when you bring the height from the RF tool and the lidar
into Google Earth you may see a little bit of a discrepancy.
But the lidar -- the green sticks are the accurate height.
And we actually, you see the brown stick there,
we actually found an error in one of the cell carrier sites
where they had it in their database.
So but anyways this is just to try to show you the kind
of the ubiquity of the 5G design.
And I think -- yeah, just to show you
like that light pole there for example,
to show you it's actually physically on the light pole.
I think maybe, I think we're good on the video,
I'm probably going to run out of time here in a couple of minutes
so I just want to get to if we could go back
to the presentation.
That's just showing one sitting up on a corner of a building
to show you what it could actually see.
And if you can just go through,
I think the next kind of dozen slides.
Yeah, I have static slides in case
for some reason the video doesn't work
or I guess I could do them; I'm sitting here.
Okay. Okay yeah, so and then this one here is just kind
of showing a residential design here down on the right
which is going to be a big use case
for public safety for the 5G carriers.
Okay so the potential impacts of 5G.
So you know the advantage is obviously
to increase throughput, symmetrical uplink and downlink,
we can now do a lot of beamforming,
we can do massive MIMO.
There are all these new technologies,
it's going to be a whole paradigm shift.
Optimize special treatment of users,
we can get much more granular with network slicing.
We think these three network slices that are coming
out you know it's probably going to take a while for the carriers
to transition from hardware-based
in a 4G core sitting next to a 5G core, hardware sitting next
to software logical instances.
It's going to take a while
to do these very granular fine network slicing
that we would need but we do think it's coming
in the next couple of years.
Obviously lower latency moving
from 10 milliseconds to 1 millisecond.
We need lower latency for industrial controls,
things like autonomous vehicles and edge computing.
And the one good thing about the edge computing is now you can do
a lot of analytics at the edge of the network and you can look
for bad actors, you can get a good RF baseline in terms
of what the SNR you're seeing so you know what kind
of the network looks like during a busy hour.
And if you start seeing very weird SNR values and all
that you know there might be someone trying to interfere
with the network or do an attack.
Some of the areas of concern obviously it's been
in the news is like foreign development.
I mean one of the key issues
in securing this 5G ecosystem is it's kind
of like a four stage thing.
You've got the chipset manufacturers
and the vendors and the OEMs.
Then you've got how the wireless carriers deploy that equipment.
Then you've got how they actually operate it ongoing,
so you know when patches come in for devices it's going to have
to be an ongoing thing.
How well they're logging and they're looking
at their signaling and traffic and analyzing it for anomalies.
Increase in order of connection of magnitude,
so the phones are getting much more smarter,
there's a lot more attack vectors
than there were before the connection density per square
kilometer from going from 4G to 5G increasing
by an order of magnitude.
Obviously with much IoT devices coming
on what's the onboarding process of getting IoT on.
You know what is it when you say bring your own device,
you know that's -- how is that going to be secured?
Increase in small site density, now it's on a light pole,
it's more physically easier to get it
than it would be on a macro site.
We don't know that one entity is going to be able
to provide a full 5G network, it may be a network of networks
so there's going to have to be trust between the networks.
Integration with critical infrastructure we're going
to be seeing falling back to other radio access technologies,
taking someone in 5G trying to drag them down to 4G or 3G
where it may be easier to break the encryption.
And increased complexity in modeling
and testing that's my problem, it's even harder to work
on priority now with 5G.
And then of course the operations and maintenance.
Let me just see, I think I've touched on a lot
of these things, I've got about a minute left.
So and you're going to be provided these slides
so you'll see a lot of what our concerns are in terms
of the priority service, spectrum sharing,
security, and the provisioning.
Even just things that aren't supposed
to be errors could be errors.
You know the wireless carriers have to get used
to orchestration and network virtualization in terms
of big changes in their network so you know they want to be more
like Googles and the Microsofts of the world.
And then additional complexity with devices in IoT.
So sorry, I blew through that fast so I think I'll stop here
and is there time for questions?
Yeah, okay so any questions?
I know it's a lot but yeah.
So I have a question about the relationship
between autonomous vehicle that require low latency
and the protection of control systems
for critical infrastructure
that also require low latency and often encryption?
Right, right.
I worry that you'll need to find ways
to deconflict the increased demand
for like autonomous vehicles
that could be undermining the integrity
of the control systems.
And what are you doing to work on that?
I think so the good thing is with mmWave is
that because you can do that very tight beamforming
and massive MIMO you really don't have so much
of an interference issue as you had below 6 GHz.
But there are going to be cases
where people deploying these systems are going to have
to come up with a priority and preemption scheme
of who's doing what when if resources do get congested.
I think like in industrial controls where you could have
like fiber feeding the manufacturing plant
and you've got 5G beamforming going on, that will be more
of like a closed environment.
And because of the beamforming they'll be able
to tightly control that RF to keep it from interfering
with let's say autonomous vehicles on the highway outside.
But even though we're getting a lot more capacity
and throughput I still believe there are going to be issues
where we are going to run out of congestion
or we might not have 5G capacity in an area.
And the carriers are going to have to work
out with network policy with their enterprise customers,
with government how do you do that priority and preemption
so that they don't conflict with each other, especially with IoT.
I know it's not a great answer
but these are just the things we have to work through.
Sorry I think behind you there you had your hand up.
I was wondering are light poles better
than building roofs for sites?
So as an RF engineer, I always say it depends,
you know it depends on that specific area.
Like if you're in like Pittsburgh or San Fracisco,
you know you may do better with a building
when you are San Francisco
where you've got these streets going down.
It really -- so it's going to depend
on having a highly accurate representation of the clutter
and the morphology in the environment
and doing good predictive RF analysis.
Street poles are going to get much closer
to people in a flat area.
The problem with buildings is you know you may not be able
to form the beam way down, you might be --
I don't know if you've ever noticed if you're at a cell site
if you're like directly underneath it you might not have
very good coverage because the electric down or the mechanical
down to the RF is kind of pushed away from the site.
It really depends, most of what I've seen for good coverage
of very busy streets it's probably easier
to get on the light pole.
And if you can make an agreement with the owners
of the light pole you know you can do better
site implementation.
If you have to go building
by building you know it could be a long site acquisition process
but it really depends.
But I think for you know 5G mmWave beamforming
if you're trying to get those nomadic, slow-moving people
on the street and for autonomous vehicles,
I think light pole seems to be
where everyone wants to get their nodes.
Sorry, I think you had a question.
Oh sorry.
Yes, on the edge computing side,
I mean of course you can network [inaudible] all you want.
But on the edge computing side what
about the prioritization there and what
about the prioritization in the larger internet?
I mean are we going to have internet fast lanes like it has
to be an end-to-end solution?
I mean the last miles or the first mile is fine
but what about the rest of it.
You make up a great point [inaudible].
So when we do priority services you know we look
at the wireless carriers but you could give someone a priority
service on a wireless carrier and they're trying to go
to a server that's in some data center somewhere
and they can't get the content right
and say well this doesn't work.
Well it did work, the problem is that's going to be something
that we have to work on with the people running data centers
and doing cloud services is that when that priority comes up to
that fiber meet me room in that data center
and has priority it also needs to be extended
to those data services.
But I'm hoping that the core networks will be smart enough
that they will know what areas that they're touching
and their network-to-network interfaces are congested
and which ones aren't.
So that if you have like an [inaudible] you've got
like some information that's stored
on a server somewhere else or a secondary, it'll know to go
to a less congested place where that data is resident.
But you're absolutely right, we can do it from the RAN, the core
and the transport but once you leave that 5G network and you go
to the internet or you go into a data center
if you don't have priority there you could have congestion
if you've got a lot of people trying
to hammer the same server.
It's absolutely right.
And I think that's one of the good things is why you want
to try to unload and process whatever you can
at the edge of the network.
But there's obviously some where you just won't have
that content available to you.
Okay, yeah.
So you talk about the Internet of Things devices
and defining priorities for each type of device.
Is there some type of strategy in place currently
where a device has some type of priority level depending on,
you know, for one thing it's the traffic for the priority?
But the device itself is there something, some scheme going
on because I have a great plan for that
and it works on hierarchy.
Basically based on the design of the design itself sits
into the hierarchy scheme
which gives it its priority within that network.
So the way I think that it will probably end
up working is you're going to have to have some
of these IoT devices tied to some kind
of subscription whether it's human or not.
Whatever USIM or eSIM goes in that device is going
to have [inaudible] access class or something set
so that it has some kind of priority.
But this is the beauty of not only having static priority
in the network but also dynamic.
So with public safety they're going to need to have
that ability to dynamically change some priorities
on devices that they have subscribed to a carrier.
So for example, you know you've got law-enforcement has
like high priority on the network but it's
like a chemical spill and you want the hazmat team to be able
to come in with video and sensors
to have a higher priority.
You'll have to have someone that's designated
that it can actually go into a subscriber database
or has some portal into that wireless network carrier
and can actually temporarily uplift or change the priority
for those hazmat users or those IoT devices that they made.
But that's one of the big questions we have
with security is what's that electronic signature
of an IoT device that comes on to a wireless broadband network
because you need to know who owns it one just for security
but also what's the network policy and priority
that you treat that device with.
So I think there will be a static setting
and I think the IoT needs to be set below the humans
in most cases but you need that ability
to dynamically change it during an incident.
Because you'll never be able to statically set priority
for every user and IoT device for every single use case
that could come about.
Yeah.
Yeah, my question is related to the other two questions.
How are you going to coordinate all of the various carriers,
both private and public, and users cross all
of these different issues?
And then who is going to perform that coordination?
Yeah, that's -- so a lot
of the security issues are being dealt with in 3GPP
like in release 15 and 16 in terms of security.
But 3GPP is international
and that's what vendors build towards
but that's not necessarily what we may be looking
for in the United States.
So I predict, I don't know what entity is going
to have umbrella control over all of that.
I know that for us because we're the operational agent
for like priority services,
I mean you can guess we would most likely be working
with the wireless providers.
We know what the specifications and requirements are in 3GPP
and ATIS which is like you know the US standards group for that.
What are the gaps in terms of what are they deploying
and what do we need and then we would probably have
to work with them on that?
I think that a lot of the security issues may go similar
to what we dealt with, with wireless party service
where there were a lot of things built
into the standards already, the equipment vendors had a lot
of things but they didn't have everything we needed.
So we had to work with the carriers
to enhance those services and find those gaps.
There are different bodies
that have different I'll say authorities for like
for autonomous vehicles, for certifying IoT devices.
But I think with priority and security it's probably going
to be entities like DHS that are going to be working
with the carriers to make sure
that you know how they're doing their network slicing,
how they're doing that policy.
We can still ensure that public safety
and ns/ep users get priority in those situations.
I know that doesn't completely answer it but it's.
It's a tough question, I mean if we, you know,
it hasn't been completely sorted out in LTE perfectly either.
I think we're slowly learning as we're going along
and making adjustments so.
I think we're done yeah, sorry.
I'll be here so.
That was great.
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