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[ Music ]

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>> Don Roberts: We
have, you know,

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TSAs Canine Training Center.

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Mr. Danny Diller is going to
talk about, you know, what --

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a little bit of -- we've been
supporting them for many years.

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They've been willing to
look and adjust both CONOPS

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and their training
to try and, you know,

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serve their mission
space better.

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You know, I applaud them
for that but, you know,

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Mr. Diller is going to get up
here and, you know especially

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from the training side,
give a perspective

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on just how daunting a task
the TSA Canine Program is.

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So, you know, we appreciate them
being here today and being able

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to share that and this.

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I think it's very important.

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It's a very unique
explosive detection program,

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the largest domestic
program in the country

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so thanks Danny for being here.

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Mr. Diller.

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[ Applause ]

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>> Danny Diller: Thanks
Don and welcome everybody.

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It's my distinct pleasure

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to represent the Canine
Training Center at the TSA,

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as Don mentioned one of the
largest bomb dog programs

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that we have in the program.

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I'm going to give you a little,
brief history of the program,

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where we came from,
where we're at today,

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why we enjoy our
collaboration with S&T

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because we do give a good
test base of multiple dogs

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which is a key element

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when we're running the
scientific test at all.

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So with that, a little
brief history.

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Green button, right?

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>> Yeah.

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>> Danny Diller: There we go.

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So from 1972 to 2005,
we were a portion

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of the Military Working
Dog Program

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at Lackland Air Force Base.

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We still hold on to
some legacy programs.

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With that particular
program you'll see

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with our procurement slide
that's coming up here next,

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really integrated with the
Military Working Dog Program.

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So we try to cross-share
information

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across that program very well.

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2005, we were ultimately
transitioned to the TSA

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and became what we now know
today as the TSA Canine Program.

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You can see the numbers there.

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We've grown from, you know, 30
dogs a year over to almost 1100

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across the program nowadays
which requires us to put a lot

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of dogs into the training
program every year

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which gives us availability
of some scientifically

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or statistically sound numbers
when we do some of this testing.

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And our testing that we do

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down there not only does
it drive strategic change

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in our own program, it also --

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we want that to go
to the industry

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which is what this day is all
about is getting the information

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that is out there, that
we're all working toward,

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into the hands of the user
so a key element for that.

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So again, you see some
of the personnel growth

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and why we're able to do some of
these larger studies down there.

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We're now at 137 personnel
at the Canine Training Center

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with about 25 different
venues that are available

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for different testing and
different operational events.

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So currently we have two basic
counter courses that we teach:

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a 12 week standard explosive
detection canine course

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and a 16 week passenger
screening canine course.

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So since 2012, TSA, in response
to the underwear bomber,

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has been deploying passenger
screening canine which was -

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I know my friends from Auburn
are in the audience here today

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which was really kind of a new
technology that Auburn kind

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of piloted and we
picked up on in response

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to the underwear bomber.

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So we've employed these
type dogs that are screening

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for explosives on personnel.

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Been some trials
and tribulations,

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been a lot of lessons learned in
that realm, and as we continue

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to expand that footprint
into local, state,

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tribal law enforcement entities,
we look to be a portion

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of that solution and
give our lessons learned

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so we're not re-creating
the wheel.

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Sixteen weeks is a long time

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for a passenger screening
canine handler

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to be gone away from home.

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That's a recent change in
our model because of some

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of the things we've done
with S&T with the change

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at CONOPS, as Don mentioned.

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We've now gone to what we
call the open queue concept

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which expands the work area that
the canine team actually has

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to work within the checkpoint.

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It meters the passengers
through that checkpoint

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to give the dog an
opportunity to work.

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The most productive area, which
we know, that's the end state

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of any canine detection,
right, is put the dog

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in the productive areas
where it has an opportunity

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to detect the odor.

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So that CONOPS drove
some changes.

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It realized that it
took a little longer

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to train the canine
to get to that point,

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and it took the handlers little
bit to be a little bit more keen

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on the change of
behavior in that program.

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So we extended the training
from a 12 week course

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to a 16 week course and reduced
the pre-training on the canines

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so that the handlers
are actually brought

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in on the ground floor
of imprinting odors

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and teaching the
canines basic tasks.

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We think that's going to make
a better handler in the field.

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We're seeing some improvement.

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S&T is going to help us prove
that over next several or couple

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of years as we get this
fully rolled out to all

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of our airport locations.

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And we'll look to continue
that collaboration and putting

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out some good studies that show
that this is the right impact

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that we're having
on the program.

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So on average, CTC, we have
approximately 240 canines

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in any stage of training.

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They just kind of show you
the scope of the operation

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and again why we can collaborate
on some larger studies in order

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to prove or disprove
a particular

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or traditional canine
methodologies

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of what we're doing.

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So in addition to that,
just another thing,

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you know within the
TSA canine program,

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to give you a brief overview
as a third-party entity,

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all of our teams report
to an operations branch,

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which are up there in the
peanut gallery somewhere,

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Gary and Daline and a
couple other folks but we do

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over 1000 evaluations per year
as a third-party evaluation

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on all of our teams, in
addition to that a portion

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of maintaining operational
proficiency throughout the year.

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We've also gone to a
quarterly assessment

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through our operation's Regional
Canine Training Association.

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So we've moved kind
of away from the model

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of only seeing a team
once a year and assuming

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that they're maintaining their
skill sets throughout the rest

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of the year so that's
something else

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that we've driven a change on.

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TSA canine procurement.

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So we're very happy to
engage with our industry.

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One of the unique things
about our program again,

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as I mentioned, we come from
the DOD Military Working Dog

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Program, one of the legacy
programs we have for that.

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And we still procure a
majority of our canines

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through the DOD acquisition
system

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through an interagency
agreement.

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We have -- that provides
us about 270 dogs per year.

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And then our full
production mode, we can train

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about 350 canines a year,
to give you the scope

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of the operation once again
so that requires us to buy

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about 130, 140 additional
canines

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out of our own TSA
acquisition process.

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I'll bring that up to the
greater community here

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because we realize that
there are some challenges.

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If we have breeders
in the audience today,

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there are some challenges
in reaching out to dogs

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that are available out
there in the world just

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because the acquisition
process is a bit arduous.

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But as we move through this,

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we've got a couple initiatives
moving forward that we will work

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to limit those challenges
and actually deal better

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with the community so we can tap
into the dogs that are out there

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and address some of the
supply issues that we see

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within the current
acquisition process.

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So we look forward to having
more industry engagement

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on that.

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We'll partner with
S&T in doing that.

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We've got a little bit
of -- if you're aware,

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we did put together a breeding
consortium model a couple

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years ago.

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We've re-energized that
just this past year.

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The TSA administrator signed
that document yesterday

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so we'll get that
back before Congress

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and hopefully we'll see
a large-scale effort

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to put together academia,
the breeding industry,

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the canine industry, and
the federal government

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to expand the availability

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in this community supporting
the federal government's efforts

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in canine.

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So in our canine
procurement, current breeds

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that we currently
work with are --

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we do still produce a few
German Shorthaired Pointers,

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the Belgian Malinois.

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However, because of
the passenger screening

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and the public perception
of the sporting breed dogs,

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we do kind of lean
toward and prefer --

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most of our canines are in
the sporting breed community,

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the Labrador Retrievers,

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German Shorthaired Pointers
being the two prevailing breeds

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that we have there.

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For us, although the --
walking through the airport,

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as Don mentioned earlier, is
not a strenuous environment

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to work a dog in, it is
a dynamic environment

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to work a dog in.

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So really our environmental
stability is something

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that we look at as
our first criteria

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when we're testing the dogs
is do they recover well

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in a strange environment
of the testing environment?

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But we're always looking

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to quantify the testing
environment.

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What does that look like?

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And then ultimately as we deal
with the breeder community,

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what's the rearing strategy
that's going to prepare the dog

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for the dynamic or
arduous environment

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so to feed the government's
needs?

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So that's a key element
of what we look for.

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Honestly with detection, our
particular training model is

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under a prey object
training model.

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We don't use any food
reward dogs in our program.

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So the hunt and the fetch drive

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that the dogs display
is also a key element

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and then obviously we'll
lay search for the reward

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and what have you so -- and
then obviously availability.

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With buying 420 dogs a year,
that's a pretty good demand

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for the limited number
of vendors that we see,

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although there is 22
of those currently.

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We would like to see it be 50.

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So as we have our networking --

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if you're in that
breeding community,

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we'd like to hear what the
challenges are that you see

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to the impediment of us reaching

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out to the community
that's out there.

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And our S&T collaborative
efforts.

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TSAs long established
relationship.

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We are not afraid to look
internally at our own processes

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and what we're doing
with our canines

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and what the best process is.

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In fact, we tout that regularly

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that we have some scientific
rigor behind our program,

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and we look to continue
that relationship with S&T

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to provide us with that data

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so we can quantify what
it is that we're doing.

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We have a lot of testing
mechanisms that we do:

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our annual evaluation, our
current quarterly assessments,

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S&T testing, our own internal
covert testing that we run,

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and we're continually taking
all of those test results

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and modifying the
program for the betterment

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so that we're actually
using these canines

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and addressing what
are their limitations

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and what are their capabilities?

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As we put all of that in the
mix, we'll continue to reach

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out to the scientific community
as we make those transitions

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so that we can quantify
where we're at

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and what's the overall
effectiveness of the teams.

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As Cliff was mentioning
there a while ago, you know,

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part of the process is to figure
out what are the limitations

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that we currently have?

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If that's training
program limitation

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because we've gotten comfortable
being great, then we need

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to have that scientific
piece come in

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or that unknown piece
come in and look to see

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where we can be greater so we
definitely look to have that.

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So we did conduct an
odor generalization study

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that allowed -- TSAs odor list
had grown quite extensively

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over the past decade or so
with a lot of adding of odors

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with every new threat stream
that would come across the line

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and it got to the point
of diminishing returns.

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So we were able to do an odor
generalization study and pair

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that back down to a reasonable
number of training aids

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that we think we get the
most bang for our buck.

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So that was a very key
point for us and then

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like I said hopefully
that filters

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out through the community.

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We look at what industry
standards is and we stay

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within industry standards,
but if we can drive

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that industry standard
through scientific analysis,

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so much the better so that
we're getting the most bang

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for our buck because we all know
there is no unlimited training

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time out there.

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So I brought up that breed
consortium just a minute ago.

00:12:21.836 --> 00:12:24.286
That was a real large
effort that we were able

00:12:24.286 --> 00:12:27.066
to put together and get up
off the ground based on some

00:12:27.066 --> 00:12:29.236
of S&T's previous work.

00:12:29.776 --> 00:12:35.326
We put together a great panel
of end-users, vendors, academia,

00:12:35.736 --> 00:12:38.526
scientists, S&T and ourselves,

00:12:39.026 --> 00:12:40.086
brought all those
people together,

00:12:40.086 --> 00:12:42.536
put a lot of smart people
in a room, developed it,

00:12:42.616 --> 00:12:45.976
developed a framework and a
strategy and, as I mentioned,

00:12:45.976 --> 00:12:47.746
we got that signed
by the administrator.

00:12:47.746 --> 00:12:49.996
We'll get it to Congress and
then hopefully we'll be able

00:12:49.996 --> 00:12:51.276
to expand that working group.

00:12:51.436 --> 00:12:53.436
Excuse me, I'm going
to lose my voice.

00:12:54.096 --> 00:12:56.946
We can expand that working
group into a governance board

00:12:57.496 --> 00:13:01.756
and then we can really drive
some industry improvement as far

00:13:01.806 --> 00:13:06.496
as providing some breeding
guidance, training guidance,

00:13:06.816 --> 00:13:09.646
and then ultimately putting
the end-users in touch

00:13:09.986 --> 00:13:12.606
with the vendors to
increase the domestic supply

00:13:12.606 --> 00:13:14.546
of canines so a key thing.

00:13:15.806 --> 00:13:16.896
All right.

00:13:16.966 --> 00:13:20.776
And then a couple of
upcoming things that we have.

00:13:20.776 --> 00:13:22.096
One of them we've
actually kicked off on.

00:13:22.096 --> 00:13:23.486
We've actually started
the condensed odor

00:13:23.486 --> 00:13:25.806
recognition evaluation.

00:13:25.936 --> 00:13:31.916
That's an efficiency for us to
modify our imprinting protocol

00:13:32.046 --> 00:13:33.676
and criterion numbers

00:13:34.526 --> 00:13:37.106
to something that's
a bit more succinct.

00:13:37.296 --> 00:13:39.386
However, it also adds
distracting odors

00:13:39.386 --> 00:13:42.966
into that piece of it, so we're
able to actually differentiate

00:13:42.966 --> 00:13:46.026
and quantify and prove that
our dogs are only responding

00:13:46.026 --> 00:13:48.956
to explosive odors and not just
something that might be novel.

00:13:48.956 --> 00:13:51.696
So we've implemented
that at the CTC.

00:13:51.696 --> 00:13:56.166
We're seeing great results with
it, and we think that's going

00:13:56.166 --> 00:13:59.406
to be the way of the
future for absolutely sure.

00:13:59.716 --> 00:14:02.526
Moving forward, we look

00:14:02.526 --> 00:14:05.526
to do more operational
testing of the canine teams.

00:14:05.526 --> 00:14:08.946
So with that, as
Cliff mentioned,

00:14:08.946 --> 00:14:11.506
a bit more threat-based
item testing,

00:14:11.986 --> 00:14:16.626
some odor containment testing of
what containment actually does

00:14:16.626 --> 00:14:18.366
to particular odors
instead of just kind of --

00:14:18.676 --> 00:14:22.306
in general containment reduces
the amount of odor to dogs.

00:14:23.116 --> 00:14:26.266
Okay. Tell me something
I don't know, right?

00:14:26.526 --> 00:14:28.506
So we want to look at
it specific to the odors

00:14:28.506 --> 00:14:30.796
and then find out do we
have a capability gap

00:14:30.796 --> 00:14:33.716
that maybe canine is not the
right answer to answer to.

00:14:34.176 --> 00:14:37.656
If we can prove that, then we
can look to actually covering

00:14:37.656 --> 00:14:40.116
down on the actual gap that
we have in our security layers

00:14:40.656 --> 00:14:44.576
so -- and with that, Don.

00:14:44.826 --> 00:14:46.586
I may be a little
quick but more time

00:14:46.586 --> 00:14:48.586
for networking so - thank you.

00:14:49.016 --> 00:14:50.016
[ Applause ]

00:14:50.516 --> 00:15:05.850
[ Music ]