WEBVTT

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Welcome to the U.S. Customs and
Border Protection's Forced Labor

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video series.

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In this brief video, we will
provide an overview of the 11

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indicators of forced labor as
defined by the International

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Labour Organization, or ILO.

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When evaluating allegations of
forced labor, CBP uses these

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indicators to determine whether
or not merchandise is being

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produced using forced labor.

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CBP leads America's trade
related security, enforcement,

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and facilitation activities to
protect U.S. consumers,

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businesses, and jobs.

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CBP is charged with preventing
the importation of goods made

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wholly or in part with forced
labor pursuant to Section 307 of

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the Tariff Act of 1930, also
known or referenced as 19 U.S.C.

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1307.

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To enforce this law, CBP
investigates allegations of

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forced labor occurring in the
production of goods imported

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into the United States.

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If CBP finds that the evidence
meets a certain evidentiary

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threshold that forced labor is
used in the production of goods

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and those goods are being, or
are likely to be, imported into

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the United States, CBP may issue a 
Withhold Release Order and/or a Finding.

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Forced labor occurs when
individuals are compelled

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against their will through
force, fraud, or coercion to

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provide work or service.

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As of 2021, the ILO estimated
that 27.6 million people around

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the globe were in forced labor
situations.

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It is not unique to one country
or commodity.

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It is a global problem.

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The ILO developed the 11
indicators to assist frontline

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officials, inspectors, trade
union officers, non-governmental

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organization workers, and others
to identify persons who are

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possibly trapped in a forced
labor situation and who may

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require urgent assistance.

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CBP looks to these 11 indicators
as a guide when determining

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whether forced labor exists in
the production of a particular

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good.

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The 11 indicators of forced
labor are abuse of

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vulnerability, restriction of
movement, deception, withholding

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of wages, retention of identity
documents, intimidation and

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threats, physical and sexual
violence, isolation, abusive

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living and working conditions,
excessive overtime, and debt

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bondage.

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We will discuss these indicators
in further detail and provide

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examples.

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It is worth noting that these
examples that will be provided

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are not exclusive descriptions.

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Abuse of vulnerability.

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In some regions, people have
limited knowledge of local

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language or laws, few livelihood
options, disabilities, or are

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part of a minority group.

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But being in a vulnerable
position does not always equate

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to forced labor.

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This indicator refers to a
situation where an employer

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takes advantage of a laborer's
vulnerability.

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For example, a manager may take
advantage of a migrant worker's

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vulnerability by keeping crucial
information from him or her,

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such as the maximum number of
hours per week they are allowed

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to work for the country's labor
laws.

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Restriction of movement.

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This refers to a worker being
locked up under guard

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supervision subject to video
surveillance.

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Essentially, under this
indicator, workers are not free

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to enter and exit the work
premises and there are measures

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put in place by the employer to
prevent the employee's escape

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while working or being
transported.

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This indicator may also result
in a worker being denied medical

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care.

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For example, a fishing vessel
worker who suffers a critical

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injury at sea is forced to carry
on working instead of seeking

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medical help.

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Physical restraint is not the
only way in which employers may

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restrict movement.

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For example, workers might be
permitted to leave the work

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site, but only if accompanied by
agents of the employer.

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Deception.

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This refers to the failure of an
employer or recruiter to deliver

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what had been promised to the
employee, either verbally or in

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writing.

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For example, someone might be
recruited with promise of a

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decent, well-paid job;

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however, once they begin
working, the promised conditions

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do not materialize, and they
find themselves trapped in

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abusive conditions without the
ability to escape.

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These deceptive recruitment
practices may include false

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promises about working
conditions and wages, the

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identity of the employer and
type of work, housing or living

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conditions, immigration status,
or job location.

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Withholding of wages.

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This refers to a situation where
an employer withholds wages to

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prevent a worker from leaving.

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For example, an employer may
give a worker food and clothes

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but keep their wages until they
meet certain conditions, such as

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a production quota.

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Even if the worker meets these
requirements, the employer keeps

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the wages and demands more from
the worker with false promises

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of providing their wage at a
later date.

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While irregular or delayed
payment of wages do not

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automatically imply a forced
labor situation.

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Withholding wages as a means to
compel the worker to remain and

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deny them the opportunity to
leave is an indicator of forced labor.

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Retention of identity
documents.

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Employers may retain identity
documents or other valuable

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personal possessions to prevent
workers from leaving.

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Migrant workers, for example,
may have their passport taken by

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the recruiter or employer upon
entering the country of

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employment, binding them to the
job or employer since they

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cannot move freely without it.

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Retaining their identity
documents forces a worker to do

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work that they may not have
consented to for fear of

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permanently losing their
documents or legal status in the

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country.

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The practice can worsen worker's
susceptibility to various forms

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of exploitation.

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In some areas, workers may face
detention, harassment, or even

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deportation if they fail to
produce documentation when asked

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00:06:05.929 --> 00:06:06.840
by authorities.

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Intimidation and threats.

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Victims of forced labor may
suffer such abuse when they

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complain about their conditions
or express an interest in

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quitting their jobs.

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For example, an employer may use
threats of physical violence or

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00:06:23.317 --> 00:06:26.576
notification to immigration
authorities to keep a worker

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00:06:26.576 --> 00:06:27.320
from leaving.

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They might also threaten to take
away wages or access to housing

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00:06:31.536 --> 00:06:34.441
or land, worsen working
conditions, or withdrawal

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00:06:34.441 --> 00:06:37.578
worker's "privileges," such as
the right to leave the

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00:06:37.578 --> 00:06:38.160
workplace.

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Constantly insulting and
demoralizing a worker

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constitutes a form of
psychological coercion, which

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could also be considered a
threat or form of intimidation.

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00:06:48.360 --> 00:06:50.080
Physical and sexual violence.

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00:06:50.800 --> 00:06:54.575
Employers may force workers to
take drugs or alcohol to have

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00:06:54.575 --> 00:06:58.412
greater control over them, or
they may demand sex in addition

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00:06:58.412 --> 00:06:59.960
to workers' normal tasks.

85522c01-eb8d-47b8-817b-27443bef8a56-0
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Physical and sexual violence is
often not limited to a worker,

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00:07:04.247 --> 00:07:06.360
but can extend to their family
as well.

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00:07:06.760 --> 00:07:11.454
Employers, for example, may
demand sex from a worker's

e5a7be15-c000-41f6-9ad0-7fd456e30e59-1
00:07:11.454 --> 00:07:16.746
family member, conditioning the
act on the worker's ability to

e5a7be15-c000-41f6-9ad0-7fd456e30e59-2
00:07:16.746 --> 00:07:18.880
keep their job.

5ef9377c-f782-444a-a9bf-3860c148ddfc-0
00:07:19.360 --> 00:07:22.537
Isolation - An employer may confiscate cell
phones and other means of

5ef9377c-f782-444a-a9bf-3860c148ddfc-1
00:07:22.537 --> 00:07:26.043
communication to prevent workers
from contacting their families

5ef9377c-f782-444a-a9bf-3860c148ddfc-2
00:07:26.043 --> 00:07:26.920
or seeking help.

4bfd0f23-6c17-4185-bff8-2cf7891c272c-0
00:07:27.480 --> 00:07:31.159
They may also subject workers to
physical isolation, denying

4bfd0f23-6c17-4185-bff8-2cf7891c272c-1
00:07:31.159 --> 00:07:34.596
contact with the outside world
or keeping them in remote

4bfd0f23-6c17-4185-bff8-2cf7891c272c-2
00:07:34.596 --> 00:07:35.200
locations.

b2158660-20af-47f8-a531-187391aef213-0
00:07:35.560 --> 00:07:38.879
Workers may not know where they
are, the work site may be far

b2158660-20af-47f8-a531-187391aef213-1
00:07:38.879 --> 00:07:42.144
from habitation, and there may
be no means of transportation

b2158660-20af-47f8-a531-187391aef213-2
00:07:42.144 --> 00:07:42.679
available.

f9268895-6564-4576-8dc0-f0781313a843-0
00:07:45.880 --> 00:07:47.920
Abusive living and working
conditions.

d3f829a2-5756-46be-ba74-86a0e55fd384-0
00:07:49.800 --> 00:07:53.186
This refers to work situations
which are hazardous, degrading,

d3f829a2-5756-46be-ba74-86a0e55fd384-1
00:07:53.186 --> 00:07:56.520
and under conditions that are in
severe breach of Labor laws.

79eb5257-f7b1-4647-a0e8-e99e475f381c-0
00:07:57.000 --> 00:08:00.903
For example, an employer may not
provide adequate protective gear

79eb5257-f7b1-4647-a0e8-e99e475f381c-1
00:08:00.903 --> 00:08:04.156
for a job that is otherwise
required by law, leaving a

79eb5257-f7b1-4647-a0e8-e99e475f381c-2
00:08:04.156 --> 00:08:06.640
worker at risk of severe injury
or death.

7851f96f-3273-4bcc-acf6-a2d1d3476d6b-0
00:08:07.160 --> 00:08:11.494
Additionally, living conditions
may be overcrowded, unsanitary,

7851f96f-3273-4bcc-acf6-a2d1d3476d6b-1
00:08:11.494 --> 00:08:13.120
and without any privacy.

a381de21-1e80-4c38-998f-1355bc3db4b2-0
00:08:16.080 --> 00:08:17.440
Excessive overtime.

3f54d82b-7c36-4fc3-98fc-8a4dca9bc75c-0
00:08:17.960 --> 00:08:21.178
This refers to a situation where
a worker is forced to work

3f54d82b-7c36-4fc3-98fc-8a4dca9bc75c-1
00:08:21.178 --> 00:08:24.343
beyond the limits prescribed by
national law or collective

3f54d82b-7c36-4fc3-98fc-8a4dca9bc75c-2
00:08:24.343 --> 00:08:24.880
agreement.

b88dbbb2-1f61-4a4d-a055-e8b57410a65e-0
00:08:25.320 --> 00:08:29.063
For example, workers might be
denied breaks and days off and

b88dbbb2-1f61-4a4d-a055-e8b57410a65e-1
00:08:29.063 --> 00:08:32.745
be required to work multiple
shifts or be required to be on

b88dbbb2-1f61-4a4d-a055-e8b57410a65e-2
00:08:32.745 --> 00:08:35.200
call 24 hours a day, seven days
a week.

49e5541b-0ace-4d3b-8008-8752e634a82c-0
00:08:37.760 --> 00:08:38.720
Debt bondage.

e53e1387-3d20-4e3b-a759-8dba3fbe1ff4-0
00:08:39.760 --> 00:08:41.760
No person should have to pay for
a job.

dd8f848f-adfb-4943-acf7-ba04caa0bd6c-0
00:08:42.040 --> 00:08:45.791
However, some employers and job
recruiters will require fees or

dd8f848f-adfb-4943-acf7-ba04caa0bd6c-1
00:08:45.791 --> 00:08:48.840
additional costs from a worker
prior to employment.

003064b6-8471-4c7d-8531-c8caf2828500-0
00:08:49.200 --> 00:08:52.878
For example, workers may obtain
wage advances or loans to cover

003064b6-8471-4c7d-8531-c8caf2828500-1
00:08:52.878 --> 00:08:55.866
recruitment fees or
transportation costs, which may

003064b6-8471-4c7d-8531-c8caf2828500-2
00:08:55.866 --> 00:08:59.199
result in the worker incurring
debt owed to the employer.

5405f6e1-3647-4bd7-9eb8-c57ea9e87777-0
00:08:59.600 --> 00:09:03.037
Employers make it difficult for
workers to escape from the debt

5405f6e1-3647-4bd7-9eb8-c57ea9e87777-1
00:09:03.037 --> 00:09:05.991
by undervaluing the work
performed, inflating interest

5405f6e1-3647-4bd7-9eb8-c57ea9e87777-2
00:09:05.991 --> 00:09:09.160
rates, or charging excessive
amounts for food and housing.

bbbf42f7-db11-4322-b6c4-80ace475a622-0
00:09:09.960 --> 00:09:13.080
Forced labor is a violation of
basic human rights.

112e1ae6-0ac0-4d7b-94d9-2136862f3c59-0
00:09:13.560 --> 00:09:17.115
CBP considers ILO's 11
indicators of forced labor when

112e1ae6-0ac0-4d7b-94d9-2136862f3c59-1
00:09:17.115 --> 00:09:20.670
determining whether an entity
uses forced labor in the

112e1ae6-0ac0-4d7b-94d9-2136862f3c59-2
00:09:20.670 --> 00:09:22.480
production of certain goods.

65a13b35-70af-45e6-813c-53d33c26ee2a-0
00:09:22.920 --> 00:09:26.770
The ILO's guidance on these
indicators assists CBP in its

65a13b35-70af-45e6-813c-53d33c26ee2a-1
00:09:26.770 --> 00:09:30.820
mission to promote legitimate,
ethical, and humane trade and

65a13b35-70af-45e6-813c-53d33c26ee2a-2
00:09:30.820 --> 00:09:34.604
prohibit the importation of
goods made wholly or in part

65a13b35-70af-45e6-813c-53d33c26ee2a-3
00:09:34.604 --> 00:09:35.799
with forced labor.

1bee52bf-4d58-4f0f-bc23-65d38003c6d7-0
00:09:36.160 --> 00:09:41.833
For additional information about
the 11 ILO indicators, please

1bee52bf-4d58-4f0f-bc23-65d38003c6d7-1
00:09:41.833 --> 00:09:45.164
visit
www.cbp.gov/trade/forced-Labor

1bee52bf-4d58-4f0f-bc23-65d38003c6d7-2
00:09:45.164 --> 00:09:50.838
where you will find additional
resources and a link to the ILO

1bee52bf-4d58-4f0f-bc23-65d38003c6d7-3
00:09:50.838 --> 00:09:54.439
website on our Supporting
Workers page.

071ab05a-0d77-478b-b3eb-b7fae564271a-0
00:09:54.680 --> 00:09:57.845
We thank you for taking the time
to watch this informational

071ab05a-0d77-478b-b3eb-b7fae564271a-1
00:09:57.845 --> 00:10:01.010
video and hope you'll tune in
for additional segments of our

071ab05a-0d77-478b-b3eb-b7fae564271a-2
00:10:01.010 --> 00:10:02.360
Forced Labor video series.