WEBVTT

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Good afternoon everyone!
I am Nicois Harris with CBP's Office of

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Trade Relations.

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Today's webinar is on Heading 8477:
Machines for Working Rubber or Plastics.

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This webinar is a part of the NCSD's 2025
webinar series.

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Please be mindful that you will be on
mute during this presentation,

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therefore we ask that you please submit
any questions you have within the chat

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feature.

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If you plan to request CBP CE credits to
be applied to any certificate programs

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offered by other educational providers,
please ensure that you check the chat box

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for the completion code towards the end
of the webinar or jot it down when you

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see it on the last slide of the
presentation or it will also be verbally

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annotated.

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And please remember to contact those
programs through their websites.

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And now I'd like to pass it over to
National Import Specialist, Mr.

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Arthur Purcell.

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Thank you, Nicois,
and good day to everyone.

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My name is Art Purcell and I am National
Import Specialist 104.

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Today I'll be presenting on the tariff
classification of machinery for working

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rubber or plastics.

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That's HTS heading 8477.

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Actually,
the title for this should really be

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Machinery for Working Rubber or Plastics or
Machines for Manufacturing Products from

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Rubber or Plastics,
but it was really far too long. This

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heading

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This presentation should go about 45 or
50 minutes or so and I'll try to leave

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some time at the end for some questions.

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If you do have questions,
just enter them in the chat box and I'll

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do my best to address those at the end of
the presentation.

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Here's my contact information.

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The best and really quickest way to
reach me is by e-mail.

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This is CBP's mission statement.

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This is the role of the Office of Trade,
of which NCSD is a part,

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to a facilitate legitimate trade,
enforce US laws,

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especially those that concern the
movement of goods across our borders.

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This slide sets forth the general
disclaimer regarding the nature of this

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webinar being for general information to
the trade and includes some disclosures

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about the trades responsibility to do
their own homework and exercise

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reasonable care.

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So this webinar is aimed at providing
useful guidance to the trade rather than

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any concrete statements as to future
hypothetical situations or any pending

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factual scenarios.

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The tariff floors governing imported
items, as you know,

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frequently changed by legislative,
executive or administrative action.

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Additionally,
the courts issue various interpretations

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of the law,
and those interpretations can also change

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over time

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or even be reversed on appeal.

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As most of you know,
CBP has a robust binding ruling program

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and that is the avenue that members of
the trade should pursue to receive to

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receive a determination on your
particular actual scenario.

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But whether or not you seek a ruling,
importers and other members of the trade

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must exercise reasonable care and
this includes consulting with experts

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such as attorneys,
customs brokers, or other trade

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professionals.

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One final disclaimer,
the images that you'll see,

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many slides are being used for
educational purposes only.

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We don't endorse or prove any of the
products shown in the images.

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And some of these images are in the
public domain,

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but others are from various sources on
the internet.

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And I've done my best to provide
attribution to all of these sources.

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And finally,
be aware that any further copying and

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distribution of the copyrighted materials
contained in this or any other NCSD

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webinar may require permission from the
original creator.

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This slide contains a web link to a site
describing the binding Rulings program

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with most most with most of you are
familiar with this.

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Just a quick note in light of our short
deadlines for issuing rulings,

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when requesting a ruling,
we really appreciate it when you provide

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clear details of the products,
including their function,

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use and material composition.

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And in the case of country of origin
rulings for multi country processing,

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please don't forget to include a complete
cost of building materials and detail

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step by step,
step production or assembly descriptions

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so that we understand what work is being
performed in each country.

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This really helps us narrow down the
issues and speeds things up.

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OK,
so here's the general road map of what

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we'll cover in today's webinar.

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First,
I'll start with an overview of the

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structure of Heading 8477 and its
subheadings.

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Next,
I'll touch on the nature of the material

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being worked or manufactured into
products by machines of Heading 8477.

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These materials materials are limited to
rubber and plastics.

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And I'll lay out the appropriate
classification steps applicable to this

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heading.

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And then we'll get into some particular
products of the heading,

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which fall into one of five types,
injection molding machines, extruders,

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blow molding machines,
vacuum molding machines,

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and a residual provision covering all
other machines that work rubber or

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plastics or manufacture articles from
these materials.

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Finally,
Heading 8477 includes a parts provision.

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I'll also touch on the concept of working
a material,

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which is a very important term in 8477,
but whose meaning is not always clear.

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And lastly,
I'll go over a few case studies to flush

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out some of these concepts a bit more and
hopefully we'll have some time for

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questions at the end.

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Let's start with the basic language of
the superior heading.

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First off,
we're talking about machines that work

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rubber or plastics or manufacture
products from these materials.

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So obviously to be a machine of Heading
8477,

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such machine must work with one of these
two categories of material,

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which is sometimes referred to as
feedstock materials.

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Now let's take a little closer look at
these materials.

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The first category of 8477 material are
rubbers and other so-called thermoset

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materials.

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Thermosets are polyester resins that are
heat cured and chemically cross-linked to

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form a rigid and durable structure.

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Thermosets generally cannot be re melted
or reshaped after their initial molding.

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Examples include epoxies of polybides and
thermoset polyester.

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The second category of material for
Heading 8477 is plastics,

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or more specifically, thermoplastics.

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Thermoplastics, which can be vinyl,
PE material, polypropylene, and others,

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liquefy and become pliable when heated.

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Thermoplastics can be reheated and
repeatedly reprocessed,

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and they're normally in a pellet form.

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Next few slides set forth the Heading
8477 provisions as they appear in the

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tariff.

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This particular slide shows the various
subheadings for injection molding

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machines of 8477.10, as the heading is
limited to machines that work plastics

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and rubber.

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As I have have repeatedly said, this
subheading would not cover, for example,

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metal injection molding machines.

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Metal injection molding machines use
magnesium.

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These magnesium alloy chaps are particles
that are suspended in a liquid metal to

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create parts and these are classified
elsewhere in the tariff,

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likely in Heading 8454,
covering casting machines used in

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metallurgy or in metal foundries.

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You'll notice that the references
to clamp force in certain subheadings.

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I'll touch on the issue of clamp force in
a later slide.

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On this slide,
the first thing you may notice is that

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extruders of Heading 8477 are machines
that utilize either a single screw or two

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or more screws which are used to push or
extrude the material out of the machine.

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One thing I find curious is that there's
no subheading breakout for screw size for

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extruders used for processing rubber or
thermosetting materials,

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whereas the screw size for extruders used
for processing thermoplastics are

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statistically broken out.

4bb735e8-e320-44ae-ba0b-1691562d0760-0
00:08:35.680 --> 00:08:38.841
I presume there's some reason for this,
but I'm not really sure what the reason

4bb735e8-e320-44ae-ba0b-1691562d0760-1
00:08:38.841 --> 00:08:38.960
is.

947a7cc3-467e-47f6-b6cd-57ed93efb0a8-0
00:08:39.160 --> 00:08:43.788
Both rubber and plastic extruders utilize
rotating screws to push the material

947a7cc3-467e-47f6-b6cd-57ed93efb0a8-1
00:08:43.788 --> 00:08:44.960
through a shake die.

1d16871a-2cfb-4706-95da-cc58da7a16a8-0
00:08:47.520 --> 00:08:51.746
Low molding machines of 8477.30 come in a
variety several varieties,

1d16871a-2cfb-4706-95da-cc58da7a16a8-1
00:08:51.746 --> 00:08:56.160
and I'll provide some examples of these
machines in the coming slides.

212ee70f-bf5a-42c4-b41b-18debea4a0b9-0
00:08:56.720 --> 00:09:01.706
Vacuum molding and other thermoforming
machines are classified in 8477.40. Other

212ee70f-bf5a-42c4-b41b-18debea4a0b9-1
00:09:01.706 --> 00:09:04.483
machinery for molding or otherwise
forming,

212ee70f-bf5a-42c4-b41b-18debea4a0b9-2
00:09:04.483 --> 00:09:09.280
meaning machines that mold and form but
are not injection molding machines,

cd3608a0-9cd1-42d4-b55b-5b0c3174aceb-0
00:09:09.280 --> 00:09:15.605
blow molding machines, or vacuum molding
machines fall in subheading 8477.51, which

cd3608a0-9cd1-42d4-b55b-5b0c3174aceb-1
00:09:15.605 --> 00:09:21.931
has subheading breakouts for tire molding
and retreading them, and all other molding or

cd3608a0-9cd1-42d4-b55b-5b0c3174aceb-2
00:09:21.931 --> 00:09:24.400
forming machines. In subheading

b4d16869-d6df-4e74-ac97-8f8a3454601a-0
00:09:24.400 --> 00:09:29.166
8477.80 covers all the machinery that
works rubber or plastic,

b4d16869-d6df-4e74-ac97-8f8a3454601a-1
00:09:29.166 --> 00:09:34.840
or manufacturers products from these
materials without molding or forming.

db166f99-a8b8-427d-aa40-65c5e054b058-0
00:09:38.240 --> 00:09:41.575
As mentioned,
Heading 8477 includes a provision for

db166f99-a8b8-427d-aa40-65c5e054b058-1
00:09:41.575 --> 00:09:41.960
parts.

301fdecb-8e07-44c2-a33c-2a6efadc2b9f-0
00:09:42.760 --> 00:09:45.640
Importantly, however,
there is no provision for accessories.

37bc8595-c848-41fb-bdab-3ce647862a68-0
00:09:46.040 --> 00:09:49.360
Accessories for these machines must be
classified elsewhere in the tariff.

b249d619-aba4-45c4-ae20-b08807365afa-0
00:09:50.720 --> 00:09:55.149
Note that the parts provision does have
quite a number of statistical breakouts

b249d619-aba4-45c4-ae20-b08807365afa-1
00:09:55.149 --> 00:09:58.859
for specific types of parts,
including the major components of the

b249d619-aba4-45c4-ae20-b08807365afa-2
00:09:58.859 --> 00:10:02.680
machines including the bases, platons,
clamping cylinders, and rams.

3edf05e5-e8b5-44c4-be18-02b878467288-0
00:10:03.320 --> 00:10:07.360
Barrel screws also have their own
statistical breakout.

44b31bbe-e537-4114-a9e9-506e4129894f-0
00:10:07.520 --> 00:10:09.440
The same for certain hydraulic assemblies.

e25a0679-416c-4631-a2cf-5ab3618242ae-0
00:10:10.720 --> 00:10:13.360
All of the parts at the 8 and 10 digit
breakout level.

397a1bf9-645d-4265-a09c-b63bad83c581-0
00:10:14.160 --> 00:10:18.445
All of the parts are classified at the 8
and 10 digit breakout level with parts

397a1bf9-645d-4265-a09c-b63bad83c581-1
00:10:18.445 --> 00:10:22.355
being associated specific with
specifically name machines like injection

397a1bf9-645d-4265-a09c-b63bad83c581-2
00:10:22.355 --> 00:10:25.997
molding machines, extruders,
blow molding machines and tire forming

397a1bf9-645d-4265-a09c-b63bad83c581-3
00:10:25.997 --> 00:10:26.480
machines.

3f5c1775-52b8-47fb-be11-b59b9dcd13bd-0
00:10:27.200 --> 00:10:31.000
And finally 8477.90 covers all other parts.

1f79a9d6-fe9c-4f8a-a9bc-b6cfb8192733-0
00:10:34.160 --> 00:10:38.330
Here are several non-exhausted examples
of Heading 8477 articles that are

1f79a9d6-fe9c-4f8a-a9bc-b6cfb8192733-1
00:10:38.330 --> 00:10:40.360
identified in the Explanatory Notes.

d5ae148b-947e-49a5-a74b-efe5dbfb811e-0
00:10:45.590 --> 00:10:48.243
As many of you know,
the Explanatory Notes constitute the

d5ae148b-947e-49a5-a74b-efe5dbfb811e-1
00:10:48.243 --> 00:10:51.630
official interpretation of the HTS
provisions at the international level.

66799d65-7d04-4b3a-8655-85957b913938-0
00:10:52.510 --> 00:10:57.163
The ends are created in Brussels and are
put together by committees comprised of

66799d65-7d04-4b3a-8655-85957b913938-1
00:10:57.163 --> 00:10:58.830
delegates from WTO countries.

f9f8e39f-48ae-428f-8811-cab072e099b5-0
00:10:59.560 --> 00:11:01.920
The ENs are not, however,
binding on the US courts.

0ee3975e-4b26-4bbb-9468-15ef69650cee-0
00:11:02.200 --> 00:11:04.406
Still,
Customs views the ENs as binding

0ee3975e-4b26-4bbb-9468-15ef69650cee-1
00:11:04.406 --> 00:11:08.120
guidance on the interpretation of the
tariff at the six digit level.

21ef5458-66d7-450e-8e91-1c171b3b2cf7-0
00:11:09.080 --> 00:11:14.986
Many other types of machines beyond those
in this EN list have been classified 8477,

21ef5458-66d7-450e-8e91-1c171b3b2cf7-1
00:11:14.986 --> 00:11:20.059
but looking at this list of examples,
one might assume that the types of

21ef5458-66d7-450e-8e91-1c171b3b2cf7-2
00:11:20.059 --> 00:11:23.672
machines,
machines and articles covered by 8477 are

21ef5458-66d7-450e-8e91-1c171b3b2cf7-3
00:11:23.672 --> 00:11:28.120
generally larger industrial type machines,
but in fact the HTS.

1bd4bf5a-ddc5-430a-b620-501828bca262-0
00:11:28.200 --> 00:11:30.571
In the HTS the term machine is quite
broad,

1bd4bf5a-ddc5-430a-b620-501828bca262-1
00:11:30.571 --> 00:11:33.913
covering not only larger machines you
might see in a factory,

1bd4bf5a-ddc5-430a-b620-501828bca262-2
00:11:33.913 --> 00:11:37.201
but potentially smaller devices that
operate mechanically or

1bd4bf5a-ddc5-430a-b620-501828bca262-3
00:11:37.201 --> 00:11:38.280
electromechanically.

5b24d532-0cc4-4d2d-87d7-b7a51ae61586-0
00:11:38.960 --> 00:11:42.868
Machines are defined as articles that
perform work, have moving parts,

5b24d532-0cc4-4d2d-87d7-b7a51ae61586-1
00:11:42.868 --> 00:11:44.960
and transfer energy in some useful way.

de8cb2f2-05e6-4b35-96ff-e8e8054f1bb3-0
00:11:45.840 --> 00:11:50.724
So device that works plastic or rubber,
and we will discuss what the term works

de8cb2f2-05e6-4b35-96ff-e8e8054f1bb3-1
00:11:50.724 --> 00:11:55.120
means in this context. It can at least
potentially be a machine of 8477

de8cb2f2-05e6-4b35-96ff-e8e8054f1bb3-2
00:11:55.120 --> 00:11:56.280
regardless of size.

3bd295fe-3519-48ad-af0e-20afe41bf9f5-0
00:11:56.280 --> 00:12:04.320
I want to reemphasize here that the
actual molds, oops, sorry.

5d06c26d-1be6-4176-96e5-8b29b90ff899-0
00:12:06.040 --> 00:12:10.273
I want to reemphasize here that the
actual molds into which the plastic or

5d06c26d-1be6-4176-96e5-8b29b90ff899-1
00:12:10.273 --> 00:12:14.788
rubber material is injected or below or
blown are precluded from classification

5d06c26d-1be6-4176-96e5-8b29b90ff899-2
00:12:14.788 --> 00:12:15.239
in 8477.

17b62795-6aa7-4888-b59d-6de5795ebfea-0
00:12:16.080 --> 00:12:20.805
Heading 8480 covers molds generally,
which is also within the the commodity

17b62795-6aa7-4888-b59d-6de5795ebfea-1
00:12:20.805 --> 00:12:22.920
line of NIS 104, which is me.

ee0cbd56-b629-4c6d-9caf-b634ece4ce01-0
00:12:23.920 --> 00:12:28.324
The image here shows a typical mold used
with an injection molding injection

ee0cbd56-b629-4c6d-9caf-b634ece4ce01-1
00:12:28.324 --> 00:12:29.240
molding machine.

c9092c6c-ecc9-4273-993f-dd84029b7c5a-0
00:12:30.600 --> 00:12:35.160
A mold may also be excluded from Chapter
84 by virtue of its material composition.

aa9fe81d-bf7d-4365-9d3b-6ffc01523823-0
00:12:35.920 --> 00:12:40.791
A mold material composition often depends
on its application, so molds of ceramic,

aa9fe81d-bf7d-4365-9d3b-6ffc01523823-1
00:12:40.791 --> 00:12:43.374
glass,
graphite, or other carbon, and certain

aa9fe81d-bf7d-4365-9d3b-6ffc01523823-2
00:12:43.374 --> 00:12:47.600
types of rubber are classified according
to their constituent material.

7b04f403-b688-401f-9a65-2cdb44708664-0
00:12:51.040 --> 00:12:55.154
Now that we've generally described the
types of articles covered by Heading 8477,

7b04f403-b688-401f-9a65-2cdb44708664-1
00:12:55.154 --> 00:12:58.918
let's take a look at the applicable
classification rules for goods of this

7b04f403-b688-401f-9a65-2cdb44708664-2
00:12:58.918 --> 00:12:59.320
heading.

12076bfd-041c-41b9-8470-c9faa627f410-0
00:13:00.280 --> 00:13:04.540
The first thing to understand is that
Heading 8477 is first and foremost a use

12076bfd-041c-41b9-8470-c9faa627f410-1
00:13:04.540 --> 00:13:05.080
provision.

fc6fee6e-2773-4428-b7f2-a9cc26e8b5ea-0
00:13:06.000 --> 00:13:10.253
This is apparent from the operative
phrase machinery for working rubber or

fc6fee6e-2773-4428-b7f2-a9cc26e8b5ea-1
00:13:10.253 --> 00:13:13.400
plastics and machinery for the
manufacturer products.

729c2348-4eab-4d57-b21c-ca6f594a3325-0
00:13:14.000 --> 00:13:18.507
And here we're talking about the
principal use when imported into the

729c2348-4eab-4d57-b21c-ca6f594a3325-1
00:13:18.507 --> 00:13:22.178
United States,
not some possible use or an auxiliary use

729c2348-4eab-4d57-b21c-ca6f594a3325-2
00:13:22.178 --> 00:13:27.136
or what we sometimes call fugitive uses,
meaning something used for a for an

729c2348-4eab-4d57-b21c-ca6f594a3325-3
00:13:27.136 --> 00:13:28.360
unintended purpose.

62d57e25-3fdd-43c9-b2d0-5e45b5d925e9-0
00:13:29.160 --> 00:13:34.626
The use rule is set forth in Note 1(a) of
the Additional US Rules of Interpretation

62d57e25-3fdd-43c9-b2d0-5e45b5d925e9-1
00:13:34.626 --> 00:13:37.360
under the HTS Generals of Interpretation.

7e69d3f6-1e8c-4627-bbcc-647d5cb21a1d-0
00:13:40.360 --> 00:13:43.040
Now let's examine what's meant by working
in material.

6be52fac-21e0-475e-9b95-588278ebc987-0
00:13:43.840 --> 00:13:48.076
Note that the term working is not defined
any of the text of the HTS or the

6be52fac-21e0-475e-9b95-588278ebc987-1
00:13:48.076 --> 00:13:49.080
explanatory notes.

0923bf9a-3f06-47e8-b9b5-3eeaf88e2cc3-0
00:13:49.600 --> 00:13:53.040
This requires us, therefore,
to look at dictionary definitions and

0923bf9a-3f06-47e8-b9b5-3eeaf88e2cc3-1
00:13:53.040 --> 00:13:53.760
other sources.

30c0241b-2833-4f18-80a8-0078dd6648b7-0
00:13:54.480 --> 00:13:57.680
This slide provides some definitions of
the term working material.

836d3ed3-2b61-45f9-85c6-059019f1142e-0
00:13:58.720 --> 00:13:59.640
Working a material.

ce39ed52-f766-406f-b4eb-87b2303d106d-0
00:14:00.400 --> 00:14:02.872
In general,
we're talking about manipulating or

ce39ed52-f766-406f-b4eb-87b2303d106d-1
00:14:02.872 --> 00:14:06.734
altering the material through processes
like shaping, forming, stretching,

ce39ed52-f766-406f-b4eb-87b2303d106d-2
00:14:06.734 --> 00:14:08.280
bending, or applying pressure.

4fa8a678-d32f-4f6f-9187-4e0e98b990a3-0
00:14:09.320 --> 00:14:12.669
This could also include changing the
materials chemical properties or altering

4fa8a678-d32f-4f6f-9187-4e0e98b990a3-1
00:14:12.669 --> 00:14:13.560
the materials makeup.

10d9dbc0-13b5-4fc1-b7ad-7847b56633d7-0
00:14:15.640 --> 00:14:19.752
Be aware that the terms working material
or working any material appear elsewhere

10d9dbc0-13b5-4fc1-b7ad-7847b56633d7-1
00:14:19.752 --> 00:14:22.360
on the tariff,
including the machine tool headings.

0f6aa0bb-6640-4fc6-a2f7-080d40859feb-0
00:14:22.960 --> 00:14:26.680
For example,
Heading 8454 covers machines for working

0f6aa0bb-6640-4fc6-a2f7-080d40859feb-1
00:14:26.680 --> 00:14:30.055
material by removing material by laser or
light,

0f6aa0bb-6640-4fc6-a2f7-080d40859feb-2
00:14:30.055 --> 00:14:32.880
or by ionic beam or plasma arc processes.

d8b791ed-3dd5-4763-bcef-3978d6c653ef-0
00:14:33.680 --> 00:14:38.596
Sometimes binding rulings issued for
goods classified and headings other than

d8b791ed-3dd5-4763-bcef-3978d6c653ef-1
00:14:38.596 --> 00:14:43.640
8477 can provide commentary on the term
work or what it means to shape or form.

663200b6-364e-44b3-9004-c112bd0da018-0
00:14:44.600 --> 00:14:48.278
But I caution you that you know the
context always matters,

663200b6-364e-44b3-9004-c112bd0da018-1
00:14:48.278 --> 00:14:52.080
and to be on the safe side,
I'd stick to the 8477 precedence.

30effd70-d27b-4c71-a04e-7fc62750a654-0
00:14:53.080 --> 00:14:56.000
We're looking at what we mean by working
in material.

4d9cdf16-923a-4653-b9e6-fc80f633e8f7-0
00:14:59.040 --> 00:15:02.896
So with the basics out of the way,
let's talk about how we analyze whether a

4d9cdf16-923a-4653-b9e6-fc80f633e8f7-1
00:15:02.896 --> 00:15:04.600
product can be classified in 8477.

09a2b283-7e93-4dd4-8aaa-6b0474f4c4fa-0
00:15:05.360 --> 00:15:08.800
Classification of this heading general
requires a two step analysis.

a2809e5f-56f4-4535-8012-83c5b23819d7-0
00:15:09.000 --> 00:15:12.075
The first thing we need to do is
determine whether the product is

a2809e5f-56f4-4535-8012-83c5b23819d7-1
00:15:12.075 --> 00:15:13.800
classifiable elsewhere in the tariff.

b3f0c35b-e958-4115-a4bb-f819284517dd-0
00:15:15.600 --> 00:15:17.960
Let's look at an example of ruling

833b85d1-445c-441f-a75d-0508711e4394-0
00:15:18.320 --> 00:15:23.497
H293475 concern the proper
classification of a recycling plant used

833b85d1-445c-441f-a75d-0508711e4394-1
00:15:23.497 --> 00:15:27.400
to convert trims of scraps and thin
polyester film.

a891744c-0acd-43f7-b0a5-064b015712b8-0
00:15:28.520 --> 00:15:31.554
This machine cut, dried, condensed,
melted, extruded,

a891744c-0acd-43f7-b0a5-064b015712b8-1
00:15:31.554 --> 00:15:32.960
and die cut the material.

b9223a78-5175-4626-9a02-8164ecc2d004-0
00:15:33.800 --> 00:15:37.153
The plant was classified by CBP under
8477.80,

b9223a78-5175-4626-9a02-8164ecc2d004-1
00:15:37.153 --> 00:15:43.132
but the importer filed a protest claiming
that the classification fell under 8419

b9223a78-5175-4626-9a02-8164ecc2d004-2
00:15:43.132 --> 00:15:48.746
on the ground that the plant treated
materials by process involving a change

b9223a78-5175-4626-9a02-8164ecc2d004-3
00:15:48.746 --> 00:15:49.840
in temperature.

10146732-38b4-4f05-8c33-3f35d57049a9-0
00:15:51.040 --> 00:15:54.090
However,
the Explanatory Note 8419 states that the

10146732-38b4-4f05-8c33-3f35d57049a9-1
00:15:54.090 --> 00:15:58.756
heading excludes machinery and plants,
whether heating or cooling is merely a

10146732-38b4-4f05-8c33-3f35d57049a9-2
00:15:58.756 --> 00:16:03.423
secondary function designed to facilitate
the main mechanical function of the

10146732-38b4-4f05-8c33-3f35d57049a9-3
00:16:03.423 --> 00:16:04.440
machine or plant.

17de2266-3294-4dc7-b684-12548b8ccdb7-0
00:16:05.720 --> 00:16:09.518
So if heating is necessary but only
subsidiary to the main mechanical

17de2266-3294-4dc7-b684-12548b8ccdb7-1
00:16:09.518 --> 00:16:11.960
function of the plant,
8419 would not apply.

3b25d526-25eb-43b3-a936-5688f2a4207e-0
00:16:12.560 --> 00:16:16.188
So in this case,
the main function of the recycling plant

3b25d526-25eb-43b3-a936-5688f2a4207e-1
00:16:16.188 --> 00:16:20.755
is to recycle trims and scraps of
polyester into polyester granules that

3b25d526-25eb-43b3-a936-5688f2a4207e-2
00:16:20.755 --> 00:16:22.320
are used as raw material.

a3286fda-50ec-4c29-bd4a-d93dbb9f29f2-0
00:16:23.400 --> 00:16:26.473
And so, you know,
although heat is used by the machine to

a3286fda-50ec-4c29-bd4a-d93dbb9f29f2-1
00:16:26.473 --> 00:16:30.393
melt the polymer flakes, you know,
that was just one of several important

a3286fda-50ec-4c29-bd4a-d93dbb9f29f2-2
00:16:30.393 --> 00:16:33.520
mechanical functions involving the
working of the plastic.

b48c2d08-b9ce-45e7-82c3-b7b53fb9bd3f-0
00:16:33.520 --> 00:16:41.043
So in this case, 8477.80 applied. Step 2,
we asked whether the machine meets the

b48c2d08-b9ce-45e7-82c3-b7b53fb9bd3f-1
00:16:41.043 --> 00:16:49.043
terms of the heading that is is a is of a
class or kindness crime by a Heading 8477

b48c2d08-b9ce-45e7-82c3-b7b53fb9bd3f-2
00:16:49.043 --> 00:16:49.520
term.

1a12a954-22e9-4c78-b6d6-c0e97a855cd5-0
00:16:50.960 --> 00:16:56.190
This analysis was was applied to the EOS
case from the CIT in 2013 cited on the

1a12a954-22e9-4c78-b6d6-c0e97a855cd5-1
00:16:56.190 --> 00:16:59.418
slide,
which involved two laser centering machines,

1a12a954-22e9-4c78-b6d6-c0e97a855cd5-2
00:16:59.418 --> 00:17:03.486
one of which use metals,
which we're not concerned about here,

1a12a954-22e9-4c78-b6d6-c0e97a855cd5-3
00:17:03.486 --> 00:17:08.523
and the other which use plastic powders
to quickly manufacture 3D dimensional

1a12a954-22e9-4c78-b6d6-c0e97a855cd5-4
00:17:08.523 --> 00:17:09.039
objects.

42dd01d8-c6d7-4a1e-b57d-f6bba30b3897-0
00:17:10.400 --> 00:17:14.998
That machine heated and melted plastic
particles together in a built chamber to

42dd01d8-c6d7-4a1e-b57d-f6bba30b3897-1
00:17:14.998 --> 00:17:18.792
form layers of the object,
which is essentially what a 3D printer

42dd01d8-c6d7-4a1e-b57d-f6bba30b3897-2
00:17:18.792 --> 00:17:19.080
does.

791d6905-5659-42e8-9f42-be149ba7a719-0
00:17:19.320 --> 00:17:21.920
And, you know,
I'll get into 3D printers in a second.

0fbb1296-920b-4351-9a26-578634e46b74-0
00:17:21.920 --> 00:17:24.920
And these tariff provisions have changed.

f441605c-6eda-4417-87f3-758827bfb94a-0
00:17:24.920 --> 00:17:30.580
And some of these rulings were issued
before the the 3D printer provision came

f441605c-6eda-4417-87f3-758827bfb94a-1
00:17:30.580 --> 00:17:31.440
into effect

2b9d0e4a-588f-4cf6-8e93-bfe31333c3cd-0
00:17:31.440 --> 00:17:32.320
and I'll get into that.

973a0fd8-c836-454f-9f49-7e2dd8879579-0
00:17:33.040 --> 00:17:36.041
But back in 2013 when the EOS was decided,
you know,

973a0fd8-c836-454f-9f49-7e2dd8879579-1
00:17:36.041 --> 00:17:38.760
through there was no provision for 3D
printers.

0410b117-d9cd-4664-a48f-135d21357a75-0
00:17:38.760 --> 00:17:42.706
Those fall in 8485 today,
but at that time those 3D printer

0410b117-d9cd-4664-a48f-135d21357a75-1
00:17:42.706 --> 00:17:48.166
machines were potentially classified in a
number of different provisions depending

0410b117-d9cd-4664-a48f-135d21357a75-2
00:17:48.166 --> 00:17:50.600
upon the function and materials used.

37750b98-ff26-45a5-8dac-d28694a32c54-0
00:17:51.520 --> 00:17:55.843
With a plastic laser center machine and
argument was made,

37750b98-ff26-45a5-8dac-d28694a32c54-1
00:17:55.843 --> 00:18:00.680
where Heading 8477 on the ground that the
machine worked plastic.

fc494a25-6fe0-40c5-8c51-c773350f3d85-0
00:18:00.680 --> 00:18:05.087
In the EOS case,
the function of the machine was to

fc494a25-6fe0-40c5-8c51-c773350f3d85-1
00:18:05.087 --> 00:18:09.240
manufacture entire articles from plastic
powder.

a51a4e11-73b8-4b9b-a42f-bf4fb08c47cc-0
00:18:10.240 --> 00:18:14.610
The CIT found that because the machine
fell within the literal common meaning of

a51a4e11-73b8-4b9b-a42f-bf4fb08c47cc-1
00:18:14.610 --> 00:18:18.225
the term machinery for the manufacturer
of products from plastics,

a51a4e11-73b8-4b9b-a42f-bf4fb08c47cc-2
00:18:18.225 --> 00:18:21.840
it was not necessary to address whether
the machine work plastics.

10eee338-ebe9-4b4c-a074-2f1192f21103-0
00:18:22.640 --> 00:18:27.585
The bottom line here is that we must
determine whether machine is described by

10eee338-ebe9-4b4c-a074-2f1192f21103-1
00:18:27.585 --> 00:18:32.280
term in 8477 and falls among the class or
kind of goods described in 8477.

534b9ce9-ed0b-4eac-945e-269485410dac-0
00:18:34.080 --> 00:18:38.790
So the take away here is that once we
determined that a machine is not

534b9ce9-ed0b-4eac-945e-269485410dac-1
00:18:38.790 --> 00:18:43.302
specifically covered by or classified in
another heading, step one,

534b9ce9-ed0b-4eac-945e-269485410dac-2
00:18:43.302 --> 00:18:48.411
we still need to determine whether a
machine is described by a term of 8477,

534b9ce9-ed0b-4eac-945e-269485410dac-3
00:18:48.411 --> 00:18:53.720
meaning is it among the class or kind
of goods described by a term in 8477.

fad73a8d-0141-474d-93b1-93b7fd463d85-0
00:18:57.520 --> 00:19:00.480
Now we'll get into the particular
products of 8477.

46a1b359-49ca-40e9-86bc-5a2804be309c-0
00:19:00.880 --> 00:19:02.960
Let's start with injection molding
machines.

6002b8ce-0979-49d0-a8ef-0c81d588f077-0
00:19:03.560 --> 00:19:08.217
The genesis of the injection molding
machine is interesting and goes back to

6002b8ce-0979-49d0-a8ef-0c81d588f077-1
00:19:08.217 --> 00:19:08.520
1872.

db74277f-6e27-4aef-abc1-b97c36aa71f1-0
00:19:08.520 --> 00:19:14.050
A desire to find a substitute material
for ivory cue balls used in the game of

db74277f-6e27-4aef-abc1-b97c36aa71f1-1
00:19:14.050 --> 00:19:19.300
pool led to a contest offering a
$10,000 prize for the first person first

db74277f-6e27-4aef-abc1-b97c36aa71f1-2
00:19:19.300 --> 00:19:22.520
person to develop a machine for this
purpose.

b90cb6cb-ae8e-4cd9-bfa9-65808ccb715a-0
00:19:22.520 --> 00:19:23.280
That's a lot of money

2fedfd53-6776-485e-82df-1591a8c45088-0
00:19:23.280 --> 00:19:26.586
back then.
A man named John Wesley Hyatt invented an

2fedfd53-6776-485e-82df-1591a8c45088-1
00:19:26.586 --> 00:19:31.702
injection molding machine that produced
the type of plastic celluloid cue ball by

2fedfd53-6776-485e-82df-1591a8c45088-2
00:19:31.702 --> 00:19:33.200
using heat and pressure.

a5890775-4000-495f-8eea-552365e482b9-0
00:19:34.000 --> 00:19:37.285
And while John didn't receive the cash
prize, for some reason,

a5890775-4000-495f-8eea-552365e482b9-1
00:19:37.285 --> 00:19:41.418
his invention sort of set the stage for
producing a large variety of injected

a5890775-4000-495f-8eea-552365e482b9-2
00:19:41.418 --> 00:19:44.915
molding plastic products,
including Lego bricks and any number of

a5890775-4000-495f-8eea-552365e482b9-3
00:19:44.915 --> 00:19:46.240
other products and parts.

63e0e6a5-1f45-48e1-b26b-7fbab4e46e40-0
00:19:46.920 --> 00:19:48.120
An image of Mr.

0c9ea675-11e3-4f87-83ea-0998b272ac98-0
00:19:48.120 --> 00:19:50.600
Hyatt's cellulite cue ball is pictured here.

91098b41-0371-4f01-bc6d-339646d67468-0
00:19:54.400 --> 00:19:54.920
So what is?

1ce01b57-f031-4d7b-820b-512b0d8013dc-0
00:19:55.360 --> 00:19:57.920
What is injection molding for rubber
plastics?

484c1e12-2c34-45f0-9f91-c8edc4115958-0
00:19:59.080 --> 00:20:02.782
In essence,
it is a manufacturing process for making

484c1e12-2c34-45f0-9f91-c8edc4115958-1
00:20:02.782 --> 00:20:08.370
identical parts by injecting melted or
molten plastic or rubber material into a

484c1e12-2c34-45f0-9f91-c8edc4115958-2
00:20:08.370 --> 00:20:08.720
mold.

8ab2e435-a095-4b73-aa7b-bb8057c2b8d6-0
00:20:09.920 --> 00:20:13.080
There's an image of a typical injection
molding machine on the slide.

79a352ee-9fca-47e9-8b89-cda875da2c51-0
00:20:13.400 --> 00:20:18.496
The main sections of the machine are the
injection unit shown in the image at

79a352ee-9fca-47e9-8b89-cda875da2c51-1
00:20:18.496 --> 00:20:21.240
right and the clamping unit shown at left.

3826010c-c644-4ef8-a5b7-c4daa65d4f67-0
00:20:23.120 --> 00:20:26.000
Both units usually rest upon a common
base or frame.

8ae41735-7114-40c5-bec2-a6db55756807-0
00:20:27.280 --> 00:20:28.160
See down here.

de81a93d-9cc3-48e6-8f21-efbddfe3dd12-0
00:20:30.080 --> 00:20:33.984
In operation,
plasticized pellets are placed into the

de81a93d-9cc3-48e6-8f21-efbddfe3dd12-1
00:20:33.984 --> 00:20:39.480
machine's hopper, usually at the top,
and then fed into the injection unit.

ca61acd3-39e6-4e3e-8717-dd02fa9507e8-0
00:20:40.600 --> 00:20:41.280
Here's the hopper.

11bffadb-d96e-43ff-a7d0-4414a0daa1f7-0
00:20:43.720 --> 00:20:48.708
The principal component of the injection
unit is what's known as the plasticizer,

11bffadb-d96e-43ff-a7d0-4414a0daa1f7-1
00:20:48.708 --> 00:20:53.635
which is a screw inside of a barrel that
is heated with bands to soften and melt

11bffadb-d96e-43ff-a7d0-4414a0daa1f7-2
00:20:53.635 --> 00:20:58.137
the pellets as it electrically or
hydraulically drives the molten plastic

11bffadb-d96e-43ff-a7d0-4414a0daa1f7-3
00:20:58.137 --> 00:21:01.240
forward through a nozzle and into the
mold cavity,

e238b5d8-17ce-46a3-bb83-d1999794db6c-0
00:21:01.320 --> 00:21:06.072
in this direction towards the mold cavity.
The injection process involves a great

e238b5d8-17ce-46a3-bb83-d1999794db6c-1
00:21:06.072 --> 00:21:09.491
amount of pressure,
so the two mold halves must be pressed

e238b5d8-17ce-46a3-bb83-d1999794db6c-2
00:21:09.491 --> 00:21:11.520
together and held by clamping unit,

ee7d039d-7c3e-4b5d-a4fb-ef346c12f824-0
00:21:11.520 --> 00:21:16.399
which you see here.
The clamping unit has a rear platten,

ee7d039d-7c3e-4b5d-a4fb-ef346c12f824-1
00:21:16.399 --> 00:21:20.680
a moving platten,
and a state and stationary plattens.

e5f875d8-56e5-41c3-bf90-56c71fb24700-0
00:21:21.800 --> 00:21:26.769
The moving platten moves along four tie bars
or rods that you see here in the image

e5f875d8-56e5-41c3-bf90-56c71fb24700-1
00:21:26.769 --> 00:21:31.615
and there are basically three types of
injection molding machines: hydraulic,

e5f875d8-56e5-41c3-bf90-56c71fb24700-2
00:21:31.615 --> 00:21:32.920
electric, and hybrid.

4f519d26-4f41-41ce-b6bb-4a07e9995b59-0
00:21:36.360 --> 00:21:40.247
One of the principal components of
injection of the injection unit is what's

4f519d26-4f41-41ce-b6bb-4a07e9995b59-1
00:21:40.247 --> 00:21:42.520
known as the plasticizer or barrel
assembly.

b01ddb39-40bd-4283-88fc-6679a06c92e2-0
00:21:43.200 --> 00:21:47.369
This is essentially a rotating screw
inside of a barrel that is heated with

b01ddb39-40bd-4283-88fc-6679a06c92e2-1
00:21:47.369 --> 00:21:49.400
bands to soften and melt the pellets

663c0611-0df7-49fa-b03a-752faa2f4ad1-0
00:21:49.800 --> 00:21:55.013
as it drives the melt through the nozzle.
So, its functions are melting,

663c0611-0df7-49fa-b03a-752faa2f4ad1-1
00:21:55.013 --> 00:22:00.520
mixing, and transporting or injecting
under high pressure. And plasticizing

2c8e1066-5b19-4b78-9c22-df6f1d5b63b7-0
00:22:00.520 --> 00:22:05.193
occurs when a screw rotates to move
the material through the barrel and are

2c8e1066-5b19-4b78-9c22-df6f1d5b63b7-1
00:22:05.193 --> 00:22:07.560
through various zones within the barrel.

a991320a-21c1-4513-8d62-24600bdb0ff9-0
00:22:08.320 --> 00:22:13.230
This is sophisticated and expensive piece
of equipment that is responsible for

a991320a-21c1-4513-8d62-24600bdb0ff9-1
00:22:13.230 --> 00:22:16.400
ensuring consistent melting and precise
injection.

9e3ec65a-128d-4a6c-8256-edec3857c512-0
00:22:17.160 --> 00:22:22.656
The screw design is critical for the
materials movement and mixing within the

9e3ec65a-128d-4a6c-8256-edec3857c512-1
00:22:22.656 --> 00:22:27.800
barrel. Here are two examples of
injection molding on machine screws.

5419224e-7afa-4de3-8225-0f5e0ad41ac2-0
00:22:31.760 --> 00:22:35.466
The images and animation on the slide
show the action of the injection molding

5419224e-7afa-4de3-8225-0f5e0ad41ac2-1
00:22:35.466 --> 00:22:36.640
machines clamping system.

a77f9f88-76fb-4105-b760-2e784ef7de97-0
00:22:37.920 --> 00:22:41.600
The clamping systems are generally
electrically or hydraulically powered.

8ea5847f-461b-4175-ac0f-83f13f1c4324-0
00:22:42.800 --> 00:22:46.840
The clamping system prevents any leakage
of the melted material and ensures proper

8ea5847f-461b-4175-ac0f-83f13f1c4324-1
00:22:46.840 --> 00:22:47.960
formation of the parts.

38a59d23-c24e-4633-8fd6-77145db7a543-0
00:22:48.400 --> 00:22:56.286
The animation at right shows pins in
yellow here that eject the molded plastic

38a59d23-c24e-4633-8fd6-77145db7a543-1
00:22:56.286 --> 00:22:59.880
part in in red from the mold's cavity.

faaab8aa-ab04-4313-9a8d-3d81729ce185-0
00:23:04.840 --> 00:23:08.920
In classifying injection mold in molding
injection molding machines.

d6f4a46b-c934-44e3-a379-6e5bd710beb1-0
00:23:09.800 --> 00:23:14.280
We can call them IMMs for short,
that process thermoplastics.

f666a3a4-f179-4e29-acae-f7ccbaade2e8-0
00:23:14.280 --> 00:23:18.080
You'll need to know the clamp force of
the machine, which is measured in tons.

22e50c72-21cd-4ced-9fe3-064bc9e4cb34-0
00:23:18.720 --> 00:23:22.347
Clamp force is not relevant for
classifying injection molding machines

22e50c72-21cd-4ced-9fe3-064bc9e4cb34-1
00:23:22.347 --> 00:23:24.800
that process rubber or thermosetting
materials.

9b282a5d-681f-444e-8d1b-9a3ff7063c5a-0
00:23:26.040 --> 00:23:29.168
As you probably guessed,
clamp force is the force that is applied

9b282a5d-681f-444e-8d1b-9a3ff7063c5a-1
00:23:29.168 --> 00:23:32.440
to the mold halves to keep them closed
during the injection process.

bfa5e972-8168-4065-a633-662048c02fb1-0
00:23:33.240 --> 00:23:37.559
There's an enormous amount of pressure
from the melted material being driven

bfa5e972-8168-4065-a633-662048c02fb1-1
00:23:37.559 --> 00:23:40.700
forward by the injection screw to fill
the mold cavity,

bfa5e972-8168-4065-a633-662048c02fb1-2
00:23:40.700 --> 00:23:43.000
and the mechanism counteracts that force.

dc350a83-4cc0-45f3-979f-33de9089149f-0
00:23:43.600 --> 00:23:46.938
CBP will look to the machine
specifications to determine the clamp

dc350a83-4cc0-45f3-979f-33de9089149f-1
00:23:46.938 --> 00:23:49.480
force in order to determine the proper
subheading.

a549445f-6d43-4e4f-ae8f-2ec4c635d18c-0
00:23:49.960 --> 00:23:53.952
So it's a good idea to have these specs
handy or to provide these when you're

a549445f-6d43-4e4f-ae8f-2ec4c635d18c-1
00:23:53.952 --> 00:23:54.720
seeking a ruling.

8228ab5e-5244-4244-8b42-6d97b9226ee4-0
00:23:57.960 --> 00:24:02.897
This slide is meant to give you some idea
of how the melted plastic or rubber is

8228ab5e-5244-4244-8b42-6d97b9226ee4-1
00:24:02.897 --> 00:24:06.920
distributed for a mold cavity to form
parts. An injection molding,

a79d0357-9558-4a08-b860-daa3f52bfa17-0
00:24:07.320 --> 00:24:12.556
the main inlet where the molten material
enters the mold via the ejection nozzle

a79d0357-9558-4a08-b860-daa3f52bfa17-1
00:24:12.556 --> 00:24:13.720
is called a sprue.

159ff613-935d-415b-bb47-b4bba81a2b26-0
00:24:13.720 --> 00:24:17.560
OK, the sprue is this piece right here.

5666250b-0bd1-4e7f-bdb0-12364ef3b92c-0
00:24:20.040 --> 00:24:24.731
The runners are channels that distribute
that melt the material to various parts of

5666250b-0bd1-4e7f-bdb0-12364ef3b92c-1
00:24:24.731 --> 00:24:29.079
the mold and the gates are the small
openings where the material enters the

5666250b-0bd1-4e7f-bdb0-12364ef3b92c-2
00:24:29.079 --> 00:24:29.880
mold cavities.

b9d443d0-3c22-46d3-a42f-f51ccb7c6446-0
00:24:31.040 --> 00:24:35.048
This slide illustrates injection molding parts
that are still connected to this sprue,

b9d443d0-3c22-46d3-a42f-f51ccb7c6446-1
00:24:35.048 --> 00:24:35.880
runner, and gates.

ed846402-5c33-4b1d-990f-ef27b99a872d-0
00:24:36.320 --> 00:24:36.960
See here.

35eff533-dcc3-4be3-ba3a-2c46dcc676f9-0
00:24:37.720 --> 00:24:41.454
In plastic model kits the parts are often
left attached like this to keep them

35eff533-dcc3-4be3-ba3a-2c46dcc676f9-1
00:24:41.454 --> 00:24:41.880
together.

0c702ba9-adde-4248-bcef-0e24edd04ed8-0
00:24:45.400 --> 00:24:51.939
Subheading 8477.10.30 covers injection
molding machines specifically for shoe

0c702ba9-adde-4248-bcef-0e24edd04ed8-1
00:24:51.939 --> 00:24:58.909
manufacturing. In ruling New York 869521
CBP reviewed a so-called rotary injection

0c702ba9-adde-4248-bcef-0e24edd04ed8-2
00:24:58.909 --> 00:25:03.040
molding machine for footwear
manufacturing.

282c9be8-cff7-4619-9577-f2de0c0c380e-0
00:25:03.920 --> 00:25:07.665
While the system shown in the slide
probably is not identical to the one of

282c9be8-cff7-4619-9577-f2de0c0c380e-1
00:25:07.665 --> 00:25:09.440
the ruling, I believe it is similar.

4e49a030-0607-4510-967e-f8b72cdcfe1e-0
00:25:09.680 --> 00:25:14.376
It employs a carousel like machine where
the molds and the lass are arranged

4e49a030-0607-4510-967e-f8b72cdcfe1e-1
00:25:14.376 --> 00:25:15.840
around the central axis.

9c3fbd30-7596-4882-b537-9f7a45537040-0
00:25:16.720 --> 00:25:21.155
This machine creates thermoplastic shoe
soles rapidly and directly adheres the

9c3fbd30-7596-4882-b537-9f7a45537040-1
00:25:21.155 --> 00:25:23.120
sole to the upper part of the shoe.

a5fd2c9f-52b1-42a6-8d4a-db3ee402d57a-0
00:25:27.880 --> 00:25:33.340
Here we have an illustration of the
direct injection process or DIP or direct

a5fd2c9f-52b1-42a6-8d4a-db3ee402d57a-1
00:25:33.340 --> 00:25:34.880
soling in shoe making.

9c4fe0ec-dfe8-485b-9d77-4671e4bc758c-0
00:25:35.280 --> 00:25:39.823
This technique is used to inject the
liquid sole material, typically a polymer,

9c4fe0ec-dfe8-485b-9d77-4671e4bc758c-1
00:25:39.823 --> 00:25:42.720
directly onto the upper where it's
quickly molded.

49a4fc18-5881-4da6-8f8d-767d7b828ca3-0
00:25:43.640 --> 00:25:47.871
The process involves the finished shoe
upper being placed over a sole shaped

49a4fc18-5881-4da6-8f8d-767d7b828ca3-1
00:25:47.871 --> 00:25:49.960
mold at the injection molding machine.

8871a5e0-da24-4185-8c07-695109348693-0
00:25:50.600 --> 00:25:55.531
The mold is heated and then the liquid is
heated and injected to the sole mold

8871a5e0-da24-4185-8c07-695109348693-1
00:25:55.531 --> 00:25:57.280
cavity and around the upper.

5bcd435d-b424-463b-84ee-2a4784882c6e-0
00:25:58.000 --> 00:26:01.885
This is common in producing athletic
footwear such as sneakers or tennis

5bcd435d-b424-463b-84ee-2a4784882c6e-1
00:26:01.885 --> 00:26:02.200
shoes.

0da19a31-42eb-48d1-815b-db839461c880-0
00:26:05.320 --> 00:26:10.021
One of the 8 digit breakouts under the
injection molding machine provisions is

0da19a31-42eb-48d1-815b-db839461c880-1
00:26:10.021 --> 00:26:13.473
subheading 8477.10.40,
which provides for injection molding

0da19a31-42eb-48d1-815b-db839461c880-2
00:26:13.473 --> 00:26:17.520
machines specifically for use of the
manufacturer of optical media.

158d3a4e-1333-4c4d-92d6-ba26db2e1b80-0
00:26:18.480 --> 00:26:22.172
Optical media means a type of data
storage that uses light,

158d3a4e-1333-4c4d-92d6-ba26db2e1b80-1
00:26:22.172 --> 00:26:25.680
typically laser beams,
to write and read data on a disk.

62fc196b-d743-4031-bec6-898bda819319-0
00:26:26.160 --> 00:26:29.196
This would include CDs, DVDs,
Blu-ray discs,

62fc196b-d743-4031-bec6-898bda819319-1
00:26:29.196 --> 00:26:31.800
video laser discs, and other optical discs.

e2dcbb10-c18e-4934-8de9-b711c6d835e3-0
00:26:33.280 --> 00:26:37.480
So an optical disc is a flat circle,
usually polycarbonate disc,

e2dcbb10-c18e-4934-8de9-b711c6d835e3-1
00:26:37.480 --> 00:26:42.649
upon which data is stored in the form of
pits or bumps within a flat surface as

e2dcbb10-c18e-4934-8de9-b711c6d835e3-2
00:26:42.649 --> 00:26:43.360
shown here.

cb1f564b-fc75-4198-bbb7-258ea9e7d620-0
00:26:44.920 --> 00:26:49.978
And optical discs are made using a
so-called replication process whereby a

cb1f564b-fc75-4198-bbb7-258ea9e7d620-1
00:26:49.978 --> 00:26:53.957
glass master disc,
which is created by a separate process,

cb1f564b-fc75-4198-bbb7-258ea9e7d620-2
00:26:53.957 --> 00:26:59.218
is placed inside of the mold with the
data side containing the pets and lands

cb1f564b-fc75-4198-bbb7-258ea9e7d620-3
00:26:59.218 --> 00:26:59.960
facing out.

af5dc977-a386-4fba-991a-2edcf7201c40-0
00:27:01.680 --> 00:27:06.516
Injection molding machine then injects
the melted polycarbonate into the mold

af5dc977-a386-4fba-991a-2edcf7201c40-1
00:27:06.516 --> 00:27:09.120
and producing replicas of the master disk.

13e874be-85e4-44fb-8332-9994fb9f41c7-0
00:27:09.720 --> 00:27:12.600
The disks are thereafter coded to import
certain properties.

1a1c3387-5d6f-4975-b5c8-bb089b18db6a-0
00:27:13.800 --> 00:27:18.792
Injection molding machines used in this
replication process fallen 8477.10.40 as

1a1c3387-5d6f-4975-b5c8-bb089b18db6a-1
00:27:18.792 --> 00:27:23.848
their principal function is to form the
plastic optical disk with the data pits

1a1c3387-5d6f-4975-b5c8-bb089b18db6a-2
00:27:23.848 --> 00:27:24.480
and lands.

a522b4a1-b05a-4547-a163-6bc270cbdedc-0
00:27:25.440 --> 00:27:28.560
Note that these injection molding
machines do not produce the master disk.

7dc529c3-bb15-4a0d-9442-8528c0996ff0-0
00:27:28.960 --> 00:27:33.880
We're just talking about the
molding of the plastic replica.

664ffa51-bf51-44fb-9497-6309bd1ff684-0
00:27:37.360 --> 00:27:40.560
Now we come to extruders of 8477.20.

27afe17d-b350-4d6f-a168-67a688b0f9c7-0
00:27:41.440 --> 00:27:45.000
This slide provides a cutaway graphic of
a single screw extruder.

462acf9a-52cb-4ac8-a634-d44bfbefc0b0-0
00:27:46.360 --> 00:27:50.400
Extruders of 8477.20 are comprised of the
following components:

f4dd5793-a1e2-4ce4-9448-f59068d77109-0
00:27:51.120 --> 00:27:56.383
an extruder screw, a barrel,
heaters to melt the material, and a

f4dd5793-a1e2-4ce4-9448-f59068d77109-1
00:27:56.383 --> 00:27:58.840
shaping die to see at the end here.

54de9100-db89-4128-b1fe-ee7687551301-0
00:27:59.720 --> 00:28:03.304
As mentioned earlier,
the proper 8477 sub heading will turn on

54de9100-db89-4128-b1fe-ee7687551301-1
00:28:03.304 --> 00:28:07.800
which material the extruder is working
with and the number of screws employed.

0ee6069a-f1ef-4e8e-97f4-2fe8c4a4eae6-0
00:28:08.360 --> 00:28:13.394
Extruders can be used to produce products
like tubing and pipes,

0ee6069a-f1ef-4e8e-97f4-2fe8c4a4eae6-1
00:28:13.394 --> 00:28:19.280
sheet and film and other parts as
shown in the slide at the right side.

656f9869-2dfc-4172-9316-277d2ad8ce50-0
00:28:22.960 --> 00:28:25.480
Here we have images of twin screw
extruders.

b76c7199-30eb-4622-b110-278a8960e3af-0
00:28:26.480 --> 00:28:31.547
These screws may be intermeshed or
counter rotating which means they go in

b76c7199-30eb-4622-b110-278a8960e3af-1
00:28:31.547 --> 00:28:34.520
opposite directions or or non-
intermeshing.

0b8daf5d-15fd-4c0d-9aa0-0e963b04e48f-0
00:28:35.240 --> 00:28:42.433
Conical twins screw extruders shown at
the bottom of the slide decrease in size

0b8daf5d-15fd-4c0d-9aa0-0e963b04e48f-1
00:28:42.433 --> 00:28:46.480
as they approach the forming dye.
Subheading

890f4a0d-bb8a-441a-883f-620a8c73d950-0
00:28:46.480 --> 00:28:51.821
8477.30 covers various blow-molding
machines. In general, injection blow-

890f4a0d-bb8a-441a-883f-620a8c73d950-1
00:28:51.821 --> 00:28:57.620
molding or IBM is a plastic product
manufacturing process that forms hollow

890f4a0d-bb8a-441a-883f-620a8c73d950-2
00:28:57.620 --> 00:29:01.360
objects such as as plastic single-serve
bottles.

cb46df60-0790-4f4e-9c9a-f379c05a9d3e-0
00:29:01.960 --> 00:29:07.112
Melted plastic is injected into the mold
to create a preform which is then

cb46df60-0790-4f4e-9c9a-f379c05a9d3e-1
00:29:07.112 --> 00:29:12.333
inflated with pressurized air into its
final shape and this pressurized air

cb46df60-0790-4f4e-9c9a-f379c05a9d3e-2
00:29:12.333 --> 00:29:17.623
forces the melted plastic against the
sides of the mold cavity over here. And

cb46df60-0790-4f4e-9c9a-f379c05a9d3e-3
00:29:17.623 --> 00:29:22.775
once the mold cools the plastic is
solidified and holds its shape. And when

cb46df60-0790-4f4e-9c9a-f379c05a9d3e-4
00:29:22.775 --> 00:29:26.760
the mold is open the hollow plastic part
is then ejected.

351fb8f1-683b-4a00-9753-95182b57c7e0-0
00:29:27.480 --> 00:29:30.840
Most common type of blow-molding today is
is extrusion blow-molding.

b1494a84-7535-422e-a833-3add94f47560-0
00:29:31.600 --> 00:29:34.360
The image on the slide shows that process.

6f207f10-8656-4cd9-8623-82d448e0fde7-0
00:29:34.840 --> 00:29:40.278
Plastic is melted and extruded into a
hollow tube forming a tube like piece of

6f207f10-8656-4cd9-8623-82d448e0fde7-1
00:29:40.278 --> 00:29:42.000
plastic called a parison.

28e7c194-65f9-4573-8aca-94f233d3a909-0
00:29:42.840 --> 00:29:45.200
See the arrow down here pointing to the
parison.

dd9613a9-4dba-40c3-86a5-efc717f1a161-0
00:29:46.960 --> 00:29:49.760
The parison has a hole in one end for
compressed gas.

4d9a3dd9-4855-4eb9-8d52-6857874e1525-0
00:29:51.040 --> 00:29:55.640
The parison is captured by closing it
into a cooled metal mold.

de1829f7-5f4e-4063-b0dc-be5e82ea09a9-0
00:29:56.320 --> 00:30:01.312
Air is then blown into the parison
inflating it to the shape of the hollow

de1829f7-5f4e-4063-b0dc-be5e82ea09a9-1
00:30:01.312 --> 00:30:05.640
bottle, container, or part and once cooled
the part is is ejected.

5f9b7478-f31e-434b-9b59-4b86b4498f67-0
00:30:05.640 --> 00:30:12.160
Here are some examples of products
produced by blow-molding machines.

5332e0d4-8cc6-4c5a-9e51-31ee1bcb2a84-0
00:30:17.460 --> 00:30:21.500
These images show how thermoforming
machines of 8477.40 work.

ace41957-0941-49ae-8b75-5c596ef92bf8-0
00:30:22.300 --> 00:30:24.833
Thermoforming involves two primary
techniques:

ace41957-0941-49ae-8b75-5c596ef92bf8-1
00:30:24.833 --> 00:30:26.860
vacuum forming, and pressure forming.

b1f5dc69-8035-4f6e-9ca7-30630df74c0f-0
00:30:28.000 --> 00:30:32.765
These machines shape a thin thermoplastic
sheet and a product by applying heat and

b1f5dc69-8035-4f6e-9ca7-30630df74c0f-1
00:30:32.765 --> 00:30:35.120
force, meaning either pressure or vacuum.

d4273eed-6049-4f1d-ba0a-1a0e14bf77f9-0
00:30:36.480 --> 00:30:37.400
It's often plastic

c13d9c97-ef5d-4010-8d8b-7a93e5b7d50a-0
00:30:37.400 --> 00:30:39.920
assumes the shape of being forced against

d59ccdd6-753c-4d79-a2e0-dbc549bdb63e-0
00:30:40.920 --> 00:30:45.320
assumes the shape by being forced against
the mold and cooled.

9dae4756-ba91-4025-86c3-c8af173b21b3-0
00:30:46.240 --> 00:30:51.064
This process can produce items such as
cups, containers, trays, lids,

9dae4756-ba91-4025-86c3-c8af173b21b3-1
00:30:51.064 --> 00:30:54.304
and clamshells from thin thermoplastic
sheets,

9dae4756-ba91-4025-86c3-c8af173b21b3-2
00:30:54.304 --> 00:30:58.784
and thicker sheets are used to create
components like car doors,

9dae4756-ba91-4025-86c3-c8af173b21b3-3
00:30:58.784 --> 00:31:02.920
dashboard panels, refrigerator liners,
and plastic pallets.

2ac642ce-a72a-4913-942b-80871c036028-0
00:31:05.080 --> 00:31:07.560
Here are some some examples of Thermoformed
products.

7f2bf867-9f5f-44f9-9db8-59e4bdb47809-0
00:31:12.600 --> 00:31:14.653
Next,
we come to other machines for molding or

7f2bf867-9f5f-44f9-9db8-59e4bdb47809-1
00:31:14.653 --> 00:31:15.440
otherwise forming.

7a1c909e-c736-4d6a-9c98-bffb3b31c11e-0
00:31:16.160 --> 00:31:19.255
First,
Subheading 8477.51 covers machinery for

7a1c909e-c736-4d6a-9c98-bffb3b31c11e-1
00:31:19.255 --> 00:31:24.840
molding or retreading pneumatic tires or
molding or otherwise forming inner tubes.

3f9167c4-1a63-4c95-8355-056b63f3504f-0
00:31:25.680 --> 00:31:29.373
I've been covering this line for about three
years and have never had to classify one

3f9167c4-1a63-4c95-8355-056b63f3504f-1
00:31:29.373 --> 00:31:31.400
of these machines,
but they obviously exist.

74f6fdbb-e3d0-40d1-b0c9-593b5a703e17-0
00:31:32.360 --> 00:31:35.704
In general,
these machines typically remove the old

74f6fdbb-e3d0-40d1-b0c9-593b5a703e17-1
00:31:35.704 --> 00:31:38.920
tread or provide a smooth case for the
new tread.

aa936e2f-5ea9-4c98-b904-209f78cd8a68-0
00:31:40.760 --> 00:31:43.680
They then apply a new layer of tread to
the tire casing.

5917a230-d5f7-4fdf-99fd-5e49c18ef203-0
00:31:44.320 --> 00:31:48.742
Next they wrap the pre-cured tread around
the tire casing and finally the machine

5917a230-d5f7-4fdf-99fd-5e49c18ef203-1
00:31:48.742 --> 00:31:50.360
cures the new tread with heat.

e5f51b55-82f3-47ea-a099-36ce81ee44ab-0
00:31:51.600 --> 00:31:56.414
Subheading 847.80 on the other hand is a
residual provision that captures all of

e5f51b55-82f3-47ea-a099-36ce81ee44ab-1
00:31:56.414 --> 00:32:01.288
the machines that work rubber or plastic
or manufacture products from

e5f51b55-82f3-47ea-a099-36ce81ee44ab-2
00:32:01.288 --> 00:32:02.240
these materials.

77e1fe18-deff-44e1-b06d-ae9a9f4aa797-0
00:32:02.880 --> 00:32:06.076
This historically has been a rather busy
provision in terms of the number and

77e1fe18-deff-44e1-b06d-ae9a9f4aa797-1
00:32:06.076 --> 00:32:07.920
types of articles that are classified
there.

98185f4d-61e2-4512-bf41-2013e9a9783b-0
00:32:08.960 --> 00:32:12.303
There are a number of machines and
devices that work plastic or rubber

98185f4d-61e2-4512-bf41-2013e9a9783b-1
00:32:12.303 --> 00:32:14.800
material or produce articles from plastic
or rubber.

e551d82b-f209-4524-94e9-4009e85cc0b8-0
00:32:15.240 --> 00:32:18.528
My methods did not fit into the terms of
the prior subheadings,

e551d82b-f209-4524-94e9-4009e85cc0b8-1
00:32:18.528 --> 00:32:22.640
meaning they're not injection molding,
blow-molding, or thermoforming machines.

0137d64b-712c-4bd3-ac38-ff69a36c14bb-0
00:32:23.920 --> 00:32:28.521
Let's look at an example of a product
falling in subheading 8477 on the next

0137d64b-712c-4bd3-ac38-ff69a36c14bb-1
00:32:28.521 --> 00:32:28.880
slide.

459c9810-adb9-4df2-96c7-037a53dde1a6-0
00:32:34.750 --> 00:32:38.910
Shown here are so-called cutting plotters
that are used with graphic printers.

59e901c7-ba28-448b-b427-6a61ecab3719-0
00:32:39.790 --> 00:32:44.199
These products,
also known as vinyl cutters,

59e901c7-ba28-448b-b427-6a61ecab3719-1
00:32:44.199 --> 00:32:50.470
were dressed in in H271910 from 2017 and
classified an 8477.80.

5c50648a-fdf0-43fb-94a6-8676df9c57e6-0
00:32:51.280 --> 00:32:56.300
Plotting cutters take printed matter on
vinyl roll media and cut them to specific

5c50648a-fdf0-43fb-94a6-8676df9c57e6-1
00:32:56.300 --> 00:32:59.240
sizes and shapes,
forming signs or other goods.

8f9b5b68-fd8f-42f7-87cb-68912b4f186e-0
00:32:59.920 --> 00:33:03.763
The cutting plotters accept the roles of
printed media,

8f9b5b68-fd8f-42f7-87cb-68912b4f186e-1
00:33:03.763 --> 00:33:07.676
scan the roles with a laser based optical
sensor system,

8f9b5b68-fd8f-42f7-87cb-68912b4f186e-2
00:33:07.676 --> 00:33:12.893
and transmit the scanned
information to a printer control

8f9b5b68-fd8f-42f7-87cb-68912b4f186e-3
00:33:12.893 --> 00:33:16.600
software program installed on a connected
ADP system.

077a7eb6-d9a7-492f-b198-f93850f66995-0
00:33:17.840 --> 00:33:22.700
The ruling requester here maintain that
these machines are classified in 8443 as

077a7eb6-d9a7-492f-b198-f93850f66995-1
00:33:22.700 --> 00:33:26.960
printing accessories or as machines for
use as incidental to printing.

8f9de414-18e0-4eda-827d-54dc38bb0667-0
00:33:28.120 --> 00:33:33.073
The requester argue that 8477 did not
apply because the machines of 8477

8f9de414-18e0-4eda-827d-54dc38bb0667-1
00:33:33.073 --> 00:33:38.502
allegedly only take rubber or plastic in
crude form and form the materials into

8f9de414-18e0-4eda-827d-54dc38bb0667-2
00:33:38.502 --> 00:33:39.519
something else.

3c733754-4dea-4f00-869a-2197acfe75fd-0
00:33:40.600 --> 00:33:46.378
Customs rejected these arguments,
finding that the cutting plotter operated

3c733754-4dea-4f00-869a-2197acfe75fd-1
00:33:46.378 --> 00:33:50.008
directly on the plastics,
not on printed matter,

3c733754-4dea-4f00-869a-2197acfe75fd-2
00:33:50.008 --> 00:33:55.415
and that 8477 is not restricted to
turning crude material into something

3c733754-4dea-4f00-869a-2197acfe75fd-3
00:33:55.415 --> 00:33:58.601
else,
because this machine that works with

3c733754-4dea-4f00-869a-2197acfe75fd-4
00:33:58.601 --> 00:34:03.120
plastic to manufacture products composed
in part of plastic.

995f1696-c9fd-4dfe-817a-94334d2b5a5b-0
00:34:05.000 --> 00:34:08.360
The subject cutting plotters are provided
for an 8477.80.

3f39bc26-61dc-4f09-8b79-488aaba79d56-0
00:34:09.520 --> 00:34:12.958
Note that because the machine
unquestionably produces products made

3f39bc26-61dc-4f09-8b79-488aaba79d56-1
00:34:12.958 --> 00:34:15.841
from plastics,
there was no need to analyze whether this

3f39bc26-61dc-4f09-8b79-488aaba79d56-2
00:34:15.841 --> 00:34:16.599
machine worked

0d186ace-3d96-44b8-969c-ba6a155184c2-0
00:34:16.600 --> 00:34:23.240
on plastic material. Subheading 8477.80 can
cover a large variety of products.

55303b77-376e-495b-a02a-27948a99d79a-0
00:34:23.840 --> 00:34:28.749
Another example of a product determined
to be a machine of 8477.80 as a robotic

55303b77-376e-495b-a02a-27948a99d79a-1
00:34:28.749 --> 00:34:33.720
machine that utilizes a milling tool to
cut and remove excess soft plastic trim

55303b77-376e-495b-a02a-27948a99d79a-2
00:34:33.720 --> 00:34:37.200
in the manufacturer of automotive safety
airbag covers.

45596d4b-5db9-45dc-a46a-b5b760441e74-0
00:34:38.960 --> 00:34:44.149
Also a robotic machine for roughing and
sanding footwear outer soles of rubber

45596d4b-5db9-45dc-a46a-b5b760441e74-1
00:34:44.149 --> 00:34:48.880
material was very recently classified by
this office in 8477.80.

92e0b35f-1985-4115-93a1-03792a17ed2f-0
00:34:53.840 --> 00:34:56.763
Oftentimes,
plastic or rubber production does not

92e0b35f-1985-4115-93a1-03792a17ed2f-1
00:34:56.763 --> 00:35:01.030
involve just a single machine,
but rather a number of machines that work

92e0b35f-1985-4115-93a1-03792a17ed2f-2
00:35:01.030 --> 00:35:03.720
together to produce a plastic or rubber
product.

b833f9b7-7f44-418c-a8e5-ebe1710a01d6-0
00:35:04.400 --> 00:35:06.722
Such production lines,
if imported together,

b833f9b7-7f44-418c-a8e5-ebe1710a01d6-1
00:35:06.722 --> 00:35:09.200
may be classified in a single tariff
provision.

1e741628-9e4c-49bc-9be5-ce23a8e32f76-0
00:35:10.400 --> 00:35:14.284
The tariff refers to such machine lines
as functional units,

1e741628-9e4c-49bc-9be5-ce23a8e32f76-1
00:35:14.284 --> 00:35:18.360
and the term functional unit is defined
in Legal Note 4 to HTS

322fa8e2-bd78-47f0-8396-9bb96e235aca-0
00:35:18.360 --> 00:35:21.818
Section 16.
Note 4 provides that where a machine or a

322fa8e2-bd78-47f0-8396-9bb96e235aca-1
00:35:21.818 --> 00:35:25.741
combination of machines consists of
individual components,

322fa8e2-bd78-47f0-8396-9bb96e235aca-2
00:35:25.741 --> 00:35:30.264
whether separate or interconnected,
and such machine is intended to

322fa8e2-bd78-47f0-8396-9bb96e235aca-3
00:35:30.264 --> 00:35:34.719
contribute to a clearly defined function
covered by Chapters 84-85,

322fa8e2-bd78-47f0-8396-9bb96e235aca-4
00:35:34.719 --> 00:35:40.040
then we classify the whole machine in the
heading appropriate to that function.

e5d07a88-07a0-4702-990e-40555ebdebbe-0
00:35:41.120 --> 00:35:45.028
So, to be classified in 8477,
the principal function must,

e5d07a88-07a0-4702-990e-40555ebdebbe-1
00:35:45.028 --> 00:35:49.400
of course, concern the manufacturer
products of plastic or rubber.

41e7e494-60c8-41f8-a35c-233ac97c69bf-0
00:35:50.320 --> 00:35:55.564
One example of the application of note
4 is New York 866881,

41e7e494-60c8-41f8-a35c-233ac97c69bf-1
00:35:55.564 --> 00:36:01.938
where CBP classified a system of machines
designed to work together to produce

41e7e494-60c8-41f8-a35c-233ac97c69bf-2
00:36:01.938 --> 00:36:07.505
oriented film under 8477.59,
which covers other machinery for molding

41e7e494-60c8-41f8-a35c-233ac97c69bf-3
00:36:07.505 --> 00:36:09.200
or otherwise forming.

d85da5c3-5016-4476-8a5c-102ef6faaa40-0
00:36:10.640 --> 00:36:13.956
To determine the clearly defined function
of the production line,

d85da5c3-5016-4476-8a5c-102ef6faaa40-1
00:36:13.956 --> 00:36:17.824
CBP look to those machines that were
principally responsible for the molding

d85da5c3-5016-4476-8a5c-102ef6faaa40-2
00:36:17.824 --> 00:36:18.880
and forming function.

26f8eab0-da86-4e6f-bf91-9bbc828ad154-0
00:36:19.520 --> 00:36:24.782
The other components of the oriented film
production line, namely the transporter,

26f8eab0-da86-4e6f-bf91-9bbc828ad154-1
00:36:24.782 --> 00:36:27.699
winder, digital controls,
and waste recycler,

26f8eab0-da86-4e6f-bf91-9bbc828ad154-2
00:36:27.699 --> 00:36:32.645
carried out auxiliary functions that
didn't directly contribute to molding or

26f8eab0-da86-4e6f-bf91-9bbc828ad154-3
00:36:32.645 --> 00:36:34.040
forming the materials.

35986dea-fc16-4fdb-9e52-0c071fe95d26-0
00:36:34.960 --> 00:36:41.303
Next ruling BA2646 involved a preformed
manufacturing system that was used in the

35986dea-fc16-4fdb-9e52-0c071fe95d26-1
00:36:41.303 --> 00:36:44.320
production of large reinforced plastic

702cb6f4-591f-488d-9438-213b23cba6a5-0
00:36:44.320 --> 00:36:46.718
structural components such as truck
bodies.

702cb6f4-591f-488d-9438-213b23cba6a5-1
00:36:46.718 --> 00:36:50.478
A robot with choppers and a press were
responsible for the preformed

702cb6f4-591f-488d-9438-213b23cba6a5-2
00:36:50.478 --> 00:36:53.640
manufacturing,
which involved molding or forming plastic.

c48e2350-580f-475f-a731-cd0613e59a95-0
00:36:54.520 --> 00:36:58.029
On the other hand,
the air and heating systems and mold

c48e2350-580f-475f-a731-cd0613e59a95-1
00:36:58.029 --> 00:37:02.478
carriers did not dictate the
classification of the production line and

c48e2350-580f-475f-a731-cd0613e59a95-2
00:37:02.478 --> 00:37:05.799
were disregarded for Note 4
classification purposes.

916b42ee-3a80-43c2-8e71-527604f9b1b1-0
00:37:06.440 --> 00:37:12.152
The preformed manufacturing system
imported together was also classified in

916b42ee-3a80-43c2-8e71-527604f9b1b1-1
00:37:12.152 --> 00:37:13.280
8477.50.

5512f493-2b59-4291-8eb9-bc02fd0ea0c8-0
00:37:17.240 --> 00:37:22.032
So if you're conducting research in CBP's
CROSS ruling system,

5512f493-2b59-4291-8eb9-bc02fd0ea0c8-1
00:37:22.032 --> 00:37:27.662
you'll come across rulings prior to
January 2022 that classify certain 3D

5512f493-2b59-4291-8eb9-bc02fd0ea0c8-2
00:37:27.662 --> 00:37:29.640
printers and heading 8477.

1c11b7fc-3a6c-4541-a8ea-890ff450e01b-0
00:37:30.320 --> 00:37:33.776
Prior to 2022,
there was no specific provision for 3D

1c11b7fc-3a6c-4541-a8ea-890ff450e01b-1
00:37:33.776 --> 00:37:36.626
printers,
which are formerly known as additive

1c11b7fc-3a6c-4541-a8ea-890ff450e01b-2
00:37:36.626 --> 00:37:37.960
manufacturer machines.

ab48a4f1-f1de-48c9-9fe8-4f36bb43a23e-0
00:37:38.480 --> 00:37:41.409
At that time,
3D printers using plastic or rubber

ab48a4f1-f1de-48c9-9fe8-4f36bb43a23e-1
00:37:41.409 --> 00:37:46.213
feedstock material could be classified in
8477 based on the fact that they either

ab48a4f1-f1de-48c9-9fe8-4f36bb43a23e-2
00:37:46.213 --> 00:37:50.080
work such materials or manufacture
products from those materials.

3a8405fc-82c6-48eb-8327-afb64c1ea0c4-0
00:37:50.920 --> 00:37:55.473
For example,
an N-292928 CBP classified a 3D printing

3a8405fc-82c6-48eb-8327-afb64c1ea0c4-1
00:37:55.473 --> 00:38:02.471
station in 8477.80 based on the fact that
it works the plastic material by forming,

3a8405fc-82c6-48eb-8327-afb64c1ea0c4-2
00:38:02.471 --> 00:38:05.760
shaping and building up into an object.

171f27f4-3028-4074-a4d1-cd40d3e43a15-0
00:38:07.200 --> 00:38:12.998
So beginning in January 2022,
Heading 8485 came into being and this

171f27f4-3028-4074-a4d1-cd40d3e43a15-1
00:38:12.998 --> 00:38:18.200
brought all 3D printers under 1 heading
and the ENs to 8485.

f612d0ed-617d-4fca-a195-d214ed80f304-0
00:38:18.200 --> 00:38:22.157
Describe in detail the various added
manufacturing processes,

f612d0ed-617d-4fca-a195-d214ed80f304-1
00:38:22.157 --> 00:38:27.200
that is how they build the material layer
by layer based upon a digital model.

f62a7ab8-c211-4df7-9e85-42984eae1d3a-0
00:38:27.640 --> 00:38:33.677
And you can in and these are described in
Chapter 84, Note 10,

f62a7ab8-c211-4df7-9e85-42984eae1d3a-1
00:38:33.677 --> 00:38:36.840
these various 3D printer methods.

ad491d75-5d54-49d0-93ec-714d1ccedb72-0
00:38:38.480 --> 00:38:43.253
So although the 3D printing process
involves working material or

ad491d75-5d54-49d0-93ec-714d1ccedb72-1
00:38:43.253 --> 00:38:48.413
producing a product from the material,
these machines are now provided in 8485,

ad491d75-5d54-49d0-93ec-714d1ccedb72-2
00:38:48.413 --> 00:38:50.800
so they cannot be classified in 8477.

07005d11-ab14-4914-9a36-524d5f54f378-0
00:38:51.600 --> 00:38:54.808
Again,
8477 only covers machinery for working

07005d11-ab14-4914-9a36-524d5f54f378-1
00:38:54.808 --> 00:38:59.481
plastics or rubber,
provided that such machines are not

07005d11-ab14-4914-9a36-524d5f54f378-2
00:38:59.481 --> 00:39:02.760
specified or included elsewhere in
Chapter 84.

244a146b-82b7-4641-8630-f73109ef7abe-0
00:39:02.880 --> 00:39:06.600
And obviously these machines are provided
for elsewhere.

b61f8c48-224f-4985-971f-ebe1ef474e70-0
00:39:11.480 --> 00:39:17.394
Now let's move on to do just a few case
studies illustrating some of the rules we

b61f8c48-224f-4985-971f-ebe1ef474e70-1
00:39:17.394 --> 00:39:23.092
just went over as well as some of the
challenges we see in classifying Heading

b61f8c48-224f-4985-971f-ebe1ef474e70-2
00:39:23.092 --> 00:39:27.059
8477 Articles. In classifying machinery
in Chapter 84,

b61f8c48-224f-4985-971f-ebe1ef474e70-3
00:39:27.059 --> 00:39:31.819
we often encounter so-called
multifunction composite machines and

b61f8c48-224f-4985-971f-ebe1ef474e70-4
00:39:31.819 --> 00:39:34.200
these can create some challenges.

8bf419eb-9315-4313-b462-5e69399bf5b0-0
00:39:35.040 --> 00:39:39.741
A first case study concerns a shredder
feeder extruder machine which combines

8bf419eb-9315-4313-b462-5e69399bf5b0-1
00:39:39.741 --> 00:39:43.720
these three individual functions into a
single composite machine.

d46742a9-44e3-4dee-bbfa-5beeca29c81f-0
00:39:44.640 --> 00:39:47.320
So how do we approach the classification
of such machines?

c3dc97f7-087b-4272-b750-909c6f67fb6f-0
00:39:48.200 --> 00:39:51.240
Fortunately,
the tariff provides us with some guidance.

43cd1b2f-065f-404d-b00f-6e5c5cd529da-0
00:39:52.320 --> 00:39:57.108
HTS Section 16O3 provides that composite
machines consisting of two or more

43cd1b2f-065f-404d-b00f-6e5c5cd529da-1
00:39:57.108 --> 00:40:02.145
machines fitted together to form a whole
or other machines designed for

43cd1b2f-065f-404d-b00f-6e5c5cd529da-2
00:40:02.145 --> 00:40:06.746
the purpose of performing two more
complementary or alternative functions

43cd1b2f-065f-404d-b00f-6e5c5cd529da-3
00:40:06.746 --> 00:40:11.597
are to be classified as if consisting
only of that component or as being that

43cd1b2f-065f-404d-b00f-6e5c5cd529da-4
00:40:11.597 --> 00:40:14.520
machine which performs the principal
function.

4335d83e-9d36-41fc-93c7-bcbc9b2f6349-0
00:40:14.640 --> 00:40:17.020
So here,
once we determine the principal function,

4335d83e-9d36-41fc-93c7-bcbc9b2f6349-1
00:40:17.020 --> 00:40:17.160
we

41a4f71c-b68f-417a-8d5c-30c421c1e79f-0
00:40:17.480 --> 00:40:22.560
basically disregard the the other
functionality and machines.

9feb9fc1-be97-4c99-9954-abd7f07c5d51-0
00:40:23.680 --> 00:40:26.320
So what is the principal function of the
composite machine here?

b828de8b-7451-45f5-9681-10f3b7f001e0-0
00:40:27.200 --> 00:40:29.501
That is,
which machine is responsible for carrying

b828de8b-7451-45f5-9681-10f3b7f001e0-1
00:40:29.501 --> 00:40:30.720
out the principal function?

54754a29-59e6-4e5b-852e-5afb848a634e-0
00:40:31.320 --> 00:40:35.270
The shredder feeder extruder,
similar to the one shown here,

54754a29-59e6-4e5b-852e-5afb848a634e-1
00:40:35.270 --> 00:40:40.517
was designed for the recycling of post
industrial or post consumer plastic waste

54754a29-59e6-4e5b-852e-5afb848a634e-2
00:40:40.517 --> 00:40:45.375
and use the plastic film and film edge
trim the shredded directly into the

54754a29-59e6-4e5b-852e-5afb848a634e-3
00:40:45.375 --> 00:40:46.799
extruder feed section.

647276a0-3bfd-426f-b300-f5b35a374291-0
00:40:47.160 --> 00:40:50.614
The conveying area of the screw
compresses the material as it enters the

647276a0-3bfd-426f-b300-f5b35a374291-1
00:40:50.614 --> 00:40:51.040
extruder.

0a21ffed-15d9-44ac-8a78-840e1521f58f-0
00:40:51.800 --> 00:40:56.519
When the material is brought to a uniform
melt temperature and extruded,

0a21ffed-15d9-44ac-8a78-840e1521f58f-1
00:40:56.519 --> 00:41:01.820
the material is subsequently palletized
using either an air palletizer or a stand

0a21ffed-15d9-44ac-8a78-840e1521f58f-2
00:41:01.820 --> 00:41:02.920
alone palletizer.

95551eb4-7450-496a-93eb-73846da55276-0
00:41:05.920 --> 00:41:08.400
So what's the principal function of this
composite machine?

f8fe449b-82df-4281-bee6-9d453c0e5c1e-0
00:41:08.600 --> 00:41:12.320
CBP determined that the principal
function is extruding.

67ee66bd-fd82-4bb1-bd98-64edb9bc9948-0
00:41:13.120 --> 00:41:13.480
Why?

164dbee5-f7d0-4cd4-a078-0cca35205a36-0
00:41:13.640 --> 00:41:15.800
Because that is the function that works
the material.

3e1e199a-d837-4695-9346-4fe8f47b8129-0
00:41:16.480 --> 00:41:20.080
The shredder and the feeder simply
prepare the material for extrusion.

66c963b0-ff5a-419d-946d-00cf5882ea25-0
00:41:20.840 --> 00:41:27.032
So the shredder feeder extruder combo
machine was determined to be classified

66c963b0-ff5a-419d-946d-00cf5882ea25-1
00:41:27.032 --> 00:41:31.240
in 8477.20.0035 covering single screw
extruders.

e71f0a3d-5b58-406d-9ed3-c46c20e33d49-0
00:41:34.120 --> 00:41:38.154
Next case study further addresses the
issue of how to classify production lines

e71f0a3d-5b58-406d-9ed3-c46c20e33d49-1
00:41:38.154 --> 00:41:41.179
that are that not only produce articles
made from plastics,

e71f0a3d-5b58-406d-9ed3-c46c20e33d49-2
00:41:41.179 --> 00:41:43.600
but perform other supporting functions as
well.

f46b039c-1e96-4b50-96e0-844261394e46-0
00:41:44.480 --> 00:41:48.832
These two similar rulings we have
production lines for manufacturing

f46b039c-1e96-4b50-96e0-844261394e46-1
00:41:48.832 --> 00:41:51.320
plastic lenses for rear projection TV's.

d2a30c37-3b6f-4bde-b124-4d1ad3ea61be-0
00:41:52.480 --> 00:41:58.536
The production line consisted of four
components: a substrate supply unit,

d2a30c37-3b6f-4bde-b124-4d1ad3ea61be-1
00:41:58.536 --> 00:42:02.735
a coating fabricator,
a robotic laser trimmer unit,

d2a30c37-3b6f-4bde-b124-4d1ad3ea61be-2
00:42:02.735 --> 00:42:05.400
and a stacker. Coating fabricator

c75adf6f-4acc-4cf0-8ba5-0b1a9963774a-0
00:42:05.400 --> 00:42:09.626
machine coats acrylic plastic sheets with
a UV resin sprayer,

c75adf6f-4acc-4cf0-8ba5-0b1a9963774a-1
00:42:09.626 --> 00:42:13.160
making them pliable and usable as
finished lenses.

31d63ead-73b8-47ba-8009-45a87024fc18-0
00:42:13.960 --> 00:42:18.315
Robots and conveyors contribute to the
coding by moving the sheets to and

31d63ead-73b8-47ba-8009-45a87024fc18-1
00:42:18.315 --> 00:42:21.671
between the units.
Trimming the lenses as performed by a

31d63ead-73b8-47ba-8009-45a87024fc18-2
00:42:21.671 --> 00:42:24.320
loading robot, a cutting table,
and a laser.

422bdadd-8b6e-4abc-9028-6347e04896a3-0
00:42:25.680 --> 00:42:29.621
Both the requester and CBP agreed that
the line should be classified as a

422bdadd-8b6e-4abc-9028-6347e04896a3-1
00:42:29.621 --> 00:42:32.285
functional unit under Legal Note 4 to
Section 16,

422bdadd-8b6e-4abc-9028-6347e04896a3-2
00:42:32.285 --> 00:42:36.440
but they disagreed on what constituted
the system's clearly defined function.

8116d155-5eaf-440e-ba35-0204dff5bee3-0
00:42:38.000 --> 00:42:42.392
The requester argue that Heading 8428
applied on the ground that the lifting,

8116d155-5eaf-440e-ba35-0204dff5bee3-1
00:42:42.392 --> 00:42:45.320
handling,
and loading functionality constituted the

8116d155-5eaf-440e-ba35-0204dff5bee3-2
00:42:45.320 --> 00:42:48.080
clearly defined function of the
production line.

1cd22c49-085c-48d3-a761-4fade616b9c1-0
00:42:48.960 --> 00:42:53.086
CBP disagreed with this and determined
that the principal function of the

1cd22c49-085c-48d3-a761-4fade616b9c1-1
00:42:53.086 --> 00:42:57.212
production line is not to handle
transporter position the plastic sheets,

1cd22c49-085c-48d3-a761-4fade616b9c1-2
00:42:57.212 --> 00:43:01.505
but rather to work the plastic material,
in this case by coating the plastic

1cd22c49-085c-48d3-a761-4fade616b9c1-3
00:43:01.505 --> 00:43:03.680
sheets to make them pliable and usable.

5b171d16-ca23-470c-ae0d-aba147773c38-0
00:43:08.040 --> 00:43:12.061
Last case study I wanted to mention
concerns a device called a 3Doodler

5b171d16-ca23-470c-ae0d-aba147773c38-1
00:43:12.061 --> 00:43:14.776
Create Pen,
and a number of similar articles are on

5b171d16-ca23-470c-ae0d-aba147773c38-2
00:43:14.776 --> 00:43:15.560
the market today.

db7bc796-4adb-49a7-abbf-3b9ab4112012-0
00:43:16.480 --> 00:43:20.527
This electrically powered device consists
of two motors, a guide tube,

db7bc796-4adb-49a7-abbf-3b9ab4112012-1
00:43:20.527 --> 00:43:23.720
a gear system, a heating unit,
and a nozzle at one end.

eaca85da-06ec-481e-aeb5-197c5f7387bd-0
00:43:24.600 --> 00:43:28.550
It functions by extruding a heated
plastic thread which cools almost

eaca85da-06ec-481e-aeb5-197c5f7387bd-1
00:43:28.550 --> 00:43:30.440
instantly into a solid structure.

cc362cee-7b06-4a68-a93e-00c53e11abb0-0
00:43:30.880 --> 00:43:34.600
This allows for the hands-free creation
for three-dimensional objects by hand.

59b2c238-0be1-4e62-93f3-f8ffda6048b6-0
00:43:35.680 --> 00:43:39.268
The plastic thread is heated in the body
of the pen and extruded through the

59b2c238-0be1-4e62-93f3-f8ffda6048b6-1
00:43:39.268 --> 00:43:40.200
nozzle at the front.

ddc41274-d4f3-4069-9644-dd0506600b1a-0
00:43:40.840 --> 00:43:45.401
This product was the subject of H293445
from 2019,

ddc41274-d4f3-4069-9644-dd0506600b1a-1
00:43:45.401 --> 00:43:52.243
wherein CBP revoked the prior ruling,
classifying the article and subheading

ddc41274-d4f3-4069-9644-dd0506600b1a-2
00:43:52.243 --> 00:43:55.840
8516 as other electrothermic appliances.

91ab0671-aa37-4074-a096-3e80d995ac8b-0
00:43:56.960 --> 00:44:01.054
In this ruling,
CBP quickly ruled out 8516 as this is not

91ab0671-aa37-4074-a096-3e80d995ac8b-1
00:44:01.054 --> 00:44:05.360
a domestic electrothermic device used for
domestic purposes.

a81fb502-69b3-4c46-b2c7-6da403a89632-0
00:44:06.680 --> 00:44:11.897
Customs then address comments suggesting
that the 3D drawing pen was classified in

a81fb502-69b3-4c46-b2c7-6da403a89632-1
00:44:11.897 --> 00:44:15.228
Heading 8467,
covering tools for working in the hand

a81fb502-69b3-4c46-b2c7-6da403a89632-2
00:44:15.228 --> 00:44:17.240
with an internal electric motor.

d9d63468-d40a-45ef-8020-6f3c5cad6c90-0
00:44:18.720 --> 00:44:23.740
Customs noted that while tools of
Heading 8467 may perform working tasks by

d9d63468-d40a-45ef-8020-6f3c5cad6c90-1
00:44:23.740 --> 00:44:26.815
altering the composition of the material
worked,

d9d63468-d40a-45ef-8020-6f3c5cad6c90-2
00:44:26.815 --> 00:44:32.024
such as by drilling a hole or inserting a
screw or applying hot glue to adhere one

d9d63468-d40a-45ef-8020-6f3c5cad6c90-3
00:44:32.024 --> 00:44:35.476
thing to another,
the 3Doodler does not alter the

d9d63468-d40a-45ef-8020-6f3c5cad6c90-4
00:44:35.476 --> 00:44:40.560
plastics composition except to establish
its initial form to create a 3D object.

b40c7ddb-a6db-4dbe-879c-6173a93c3d7e-0
00:44:41.600 --> 00:44:47.075
Customers also disagree that the
Doodler pen is similar to other handhold

b40c7ddb-a6db-4dbe-879c-6173a93c3d7e-1
00:44:47.075 --> 00:44:49.280
handheld tools classified 8467.

7756b211-354d-4450-ab18-0cdec497e554-0
00:44:50.680 --> 00:44:55.769
So, Customs classified this article in 8477.80
as the principal use of the device was

7756b211-354d-4450-ab18-0cdec497e554-1
00:44:55.769 --> 00:45:00.795
said to be was said to work the plastic
material and not to work with materials

7756b211-354d-4450-ab18-0cdec497e554-2
00:45:00.795 --> 00:45:03.120
in the manner of other tools of 8467.

47bfe0ba-b080-47d6-888f-637759ff99da-0
00:45:03.760 --> 00:45:06.285
Now,
the classification of a similar 3D pen

47bfe0ba-b080-47d6-888f-637759ff99da-1
00:45:06.285 --> 00:45:08.867
article is now in litigation before the
CIT,

47bfe0ba-b080-47d6-888f-637759ff99da-2
00:45:08.867 --> 00:45:13.000
so I can't get into any real specifics
here about the case. I mention

a533cd5c-f34a-424f-b157-edf8219569c7-0
00:45:13.000 --> 00:45:18.833
it only to illustrate the type of tricky
issues which arise in applying the terms

a533cd5c-f34a-424f-b157-edf8219569c7-1
00:45:18.833 --> 00:45:23.560
of Heading 8477 and ruling out other
potential tariff headings.

2be9ef26-cd9d-4b0d-8efe-abfb2cfa4aca-0
00:45:25.000 --> 00:45:27.087
Also,
you should be aware that these devices

2be9ef26-cd9d-4b0d-8efe-abfb2cfa4aca-1
00:45:27.087 --> 00:45:29.360
are sometimes mistakenly considered 3D
printers.

85efc852-2ad9-4d8f-8d0f-ddae2aafb16d-0
00:45:30.120 --> 00:45:32.814
As I said,
these are called formally additive

85efc852-2ad9-4d8f-8d0f-ddae2aafb16d-1
00:45:32.814 --> 00:45:36.445
manufacturing machines,
which are machines covered by Heading

85efc852-2ad9-4d8f-8d0f-ddae2aafb16d-2
00:45:36.445 --> 00:45:38.320
8485, which I discussed earlier.

78b98460-23c1-479a-bbb8-076f20a7d3e3-0
00:45:39.280 --> 00:45:44.128
3D printers produce 3D dimensional
products from a computer model, building

78b98460-23c1-479a-bbb8-076f20a7d3e3-1
00:45:44.128 --> 00:45:46.520
in a layer by layer by layer fashion.

d195d1f9-213c-455f-a683-d9f51e542f7e-0
00:45:47.480 --> 00:45:50.480
The handheld printing pens here do not
work in this manner.

eab501fe-51c8-4d78-91f0-40753154728f-0
00:45:54.280 --> 00:45:56.840
Well,
this concludes my presentation on the

eab501fe-51c8-4d78-91f0-40753154728f-1
00:45:56.840 --> 00:45:59.400
classification of machines of Heading
8477.

adf3de75-99f0-4950-ba98-f6304bc447a0-0
00:45:59.480 --> 00:46:00.960
I hope it was useful to you all.

4c9e6ba2-c2f6-4c47-8148-a91ef85107e9-0
00:46:01.600 --> 00:46:04.986
If you have any questions,
please put them in the chat box and I'll

4c9e6ba2-c2f6-4c47-8148-a91ef85107e9-1
00:46:04.986 --> 00:46:06.480
do my best to answer them now.

ebf412f1-73d3-48e7-816a-afa3cb23395c-0
00:46:10.160 --> 00:46:12.400
So here's the code for today's webinar.

a38213a3-a23a-467a-aabb-aa1440f1ca8a-0
00:46:12.840 --> 00:46:23.200
The code is CBP-042025-6-0035.

30115a39-e8a2-4345-93da-b172d02b7c16-0
00:46:29.990 --> 00:46:31.270
Hi, Arthur.

2fd68b04-f907-41ba-88ea-a1ca3d38fccd-0
00:46:37.700 --> 00:46:39.900
Arthur? Oh, hi.

8b8ba753-f9ec-494b-8635-6102aeb7c5ba-0
00:46:40.860 --> 00:46:42.860
We have two questions in the chat box.

4f7a5b2d-3e7a-4a22-88b2-2c69ad7f387f-0
00:46:44.080 --> 00:46:55.205
So the first one is why would the doodler
not be considered like a 3D printer under

4f7a5b2d-3e7a-4a22-88b2-2c69ad7f387f-1
00:46:55.205 --> 00:46:56.000
8485?

f26c3b5e-0607-4616-9710-1c2f949e8caa-0
00:46:56.840 --> 00:47:00.160
I know this was pre-2022.

f6175d62-d155-4e80-a847-1cec97d4112d-0
00:47:00.720 --> 00:47:03.320
Yeah looks like the person said never
mind.

e4bee1c6-039f-46d5-858c-e0d5751c8411-0
00:47:03.320 --> 00:47:05.280
But but I'll, I'll address the question.

17a75ffc-8df8-44b1-8499-918a574d5a2a-0
00:47:06.000 --> 00:47:12.785
3D printing works off a computer model
that's created and

17a75ffc-8df8-44b1-8499-918a574d5a2a-1
00:47:12.785 --> 00:47:19.160
it sort of uses the, the model to,
to control the machine.

e77f1ef7-359e-48c3-b85b-d8c5b38d5231-0
00:47:19.160 --> 00:47:22.442
And you know,
the form is the form is created by the

e77f1ef7-359e-48c3-b85b-d8c5b38d5231-1
00:47:22.442 --> 00:47:26.840
computer and the machine follows that
computer model and builds it up.

efab2ed0-de7d-4215-b1ce-e8dd1f2ce700-0
00:47:27.000 --> 00:47:29.559
And these,
these 3D tooler pens don't work in that

efab2ed0-de7d-4215-b1ce-e8dd1f2ce700-1
00:47:29.559 --> 00:47:29.760
way.

ab3f6219-a7af-4a49-bbe3-a3bfbd91c3f4-0
00:47:30.800 --> 00:47:34.026
So they're, they just don't,
they don't meet the four corners of what

ab3f6219-a7af-4a49-bbe3-a3bfbd91c3f4-1
00:47:34.026 --> 00:47:34.680
a 3D printer is.

71af6e8f-9e0e-4022-b927-5f31143642d3-0
00:47:34.680 --> 00:47:36.880
OK, awesome.

43f610b7-0878-473f-87d7-36fb2466fb50-0
00:47:37.880 --> 00:47:44.240
I do not see any more questions in the
chat.

1e02386f-9b9d-4453-afcc-7cf1a43aa1b1-0
00:47:45.960 --> 00:47:57.366
I'm not sure if anybody wants to maybe up
review any additional slides that were

1e02386f-9b9d-4453-afcc-7cf1a43aa1b1-1
00:47:57.366 --> 00:47:59.760
previously shown.

4e160023-6d2d-4cea-9c89-bcca67f313e4-0
00:48:00.120 --> 00:48:02.280
I'll just give it a minute in the chat.

65d7bd3b-c6cd-4472-bbc9-9ac63eef7184-0
00:48:02.280 --> 00:48:04.760
If not, then it's back over to you.

b9230373-13a9-4509-a844-a56b295a6301-0
00:48:20.680 --> 00:48:21.040
OK,

139af129-c225-41b8-bcff-3c2b0809ea60-0
00:48:21.040 --> 00:48:24.400
I don't see any requests for slides.

2a4db746-47e0-4051-90ad-6a388e91de8e-0
00:48:26.560 --> 00:48:32.840
Could we could we see the contact slide
from the beginning of the webinar, please?

2cbbc9ea-284d-42d3-a4fc-b45271da60cb-0
00:48:48.540 --> 00:48:52.619
There's a question here that says,
when you mentioned molds,

2cbbc9ea-284d-42d3-a4fc-b45271da60cb-1
00:48:52.619 --> 00:48:57.300
can they be interchangeable and would
they be considered and assessed?

b2faa3ba-ad15-4ac6-935e-70ae73e59b82-0
00:48:59.360 --> 00:49:01.914
Well, I don't, I don't,
I'm not quite sure what you're getting

b2faa3ba-ad15-4ac6-935e-70ae73e59b82-1
00:49:01.914 --> 00:49:02.320
out there.

5c3fbf9e-9182-43e9-83fb-93237a8fea85-0
00:49:03.000 --> 00:49:05.452
You know,
you can shoot me an e-mail if you want to

5c3fbf9e-9182-43e9-83fb-93237a8fea85-1
00:49:05.452 --> 00:49:06.160
flush that out.

dca1cae9-f1c5-4d71-90e5-44063e411889-0
00:49:06.160 --> 00:49:09.640
But molds are provided for specifically
in 8480.

7b2efabc-db00-4566-9a9c-e2ced3d8205c-0
00:49:10.720 --> 00:49:14.000
So they're they're not, they're not,
I wouldn't consider them.

a1946b4e-0287-4491-8935-fb69a75d822b-0
00:49:16.760 --> 00:49:20.402
And I'm not really sure what you mean by
an assist you perhaps you mean an

a1946b4e-0287-4491-8935-fb69a75d822b-1
00:49:20.402 --> 00:49:21.520
accessory or some type.

79ab8a97-ffc1-4c65-8996-4b060b39d1d5-0
00:49:21.600 --> 00:49:25.175
But you know, if you, if you want to you,
you want to send me an e-mail offline,

79ab8a97-ffc1-4c65-8996-4b060b39d1d5-1
00:49:25.175 --> 00:49:26.720
I can try to address your question.

676b1468-b63e-4f5f-8b29-c317864ae3c9-0
00:49:31.360 --> 00:49:32.000
Awesome.

2e71a3fb-975b-444b-81dd-6f37c8a8cc0f-0
00:49:32.120 --> 00:49:41.254
And then I have one that says they're at
they're requesting if you can display the

2e71a3fb-975b-444b-81dd-6f37c8a8cc0f-1
00:49:41.254 --> 00:49:48.298
slide about thermal,
thermal forming and thermoplastic? Sure,

2e71a3fb-975b-444b-81dd-6f37c8a8cc0f-2
00:49:48.298 --> 00:49:50.720
I locate that for you.

c97e7bf6-89fb-45f8-825d-a6d6dc330ea9-0
00:49:51.280 --> 00:49:52.320
OK, perfect.

61b966ad-028a-4982-a276-87955c7e9fb7-0
00:49:56.840 --> 00:50:02.920
Is this the one? I believe so.

e9aaf32f-5a32-4b60-b88a-ab36f09262c9-0
00:50:02.920 --> 00:50:11.180
Make sure I have the right one here.

53329048-0fa1-4d2a-9d6e-d07fcd2f2675-0
00:50:12.340 --> 00:50:12.780
Yeah, that's it,

97ddc2db-83b2-4ffb-ad06-26e5f42e0dcf-0
00:50:12.780 --> 00:50:28.380
I believe. I have one more:

99f146c9-10f3-4d54-8f9b-1eb2ea77a598-0
00:50:28.380 --> 00:50:39.758
Could hot runner manifold systems and
other components be considered 8477.90.90.

99f146c9-10f3-4d54-8f9b-1eb2ea77a598-1
00:50:39.758 --> 00:50:40.180
10?

98091e6a-6959-467a-b89e-dd5fc3a0a8f0-0
00:50:44.280 --> 00:50:46.280
I'd have to really look at what those
are.

9fdef79c-7036-4e8d-a2f0-23303261bb8f-0
00:50:46.280 --> 00:50:51.166
It's it's, it's maybe possible if they,
if they're not used for anything else and

9fdef79c-7036-4e8d-a2f0-23303261bb8f-1
00:50:51.166 --> 00:50:54.622
they're not class,
if they're not specifically classified

9fdef79c-7036-4e8d-a2f0-23303261bb8f-2
00:50:54.622 --> 00:50:58.377
elsewhere in the tariff,
then we'd apply the parts rule to see

9fdef79c-7036-4e8d-a2f0-23303261bb8f-3
00:50:58.377 --> 00:51:00.879
whether they could be be classified there.

273ef377-a988-43d3-9ef2-8a156f7a809c-0
00:51:00.880 --> 00:51:03.354
But we'd I'd have to,
I'd have to really see the product and

273ef377-a988-43d3-9ef2-8a156f7a809c-1
00:51:03.354 --> 00:51:03.760
its specs.

3891006a-6482-4804-a6f2-e86a8778dbe9-0
00:51:04.920 --> 00:51:05.200
OK.

18181dd0-583f-4580-8c76-36d743d5053e-0
00:51:06.200 --> 00:51:10.760
And then this will be our last question
as we're almost running out of time.

eae351cd-9923-4ee4-98ff-8591cc64f672-0
00:51:11.960 --> 00:51:22.371
So to confirm the molds that go into an
injection molded machine would be in

eae351cd-9923-4ee4-98ff-8591cc64f672-1
00:51:22.371 --> 00:51:25.800
8480 and not parts of 8477?

8ea44b85-a82c-4fae-9604-64f55b214deb-0
00:51:28.880 --> 00:51:32.240
I'm sorry, could I'm out what is the?

f63b1c77-4801-4db2-82f0-44f239eb21de-0
00:51:32.640 --> 00:51:34.683
I'm sorry,
I'm not seeing that question on the chat

f63b1c77-4801-4db2-82f0-44f239eb21de-1
00:51:34.683 --> 00:51:34.880
here.

aa84ed12-684c-4d38-9249-593e3b78cca0-0
00:51:35.160 --> 00:51:37.440
You can either repeat it or we'll try to
find it on here.

db525782-1100-4ce8-9dd7-c860b9008412-0
00:51:37.960 --> 00:51:38.480
Sure.

6ee943e9-0abc-4419-9c5a-e2728287ccb1-0
00:51:38.480 --> 00:51:46.858
I think it was sent privately so it says
to confirm the molds that go into an

6ee943e9-0abc-4419-9c5a-e2728287ccb1-1
00:51:46.858 --> 00:51:53.840
injection molded machine would be an 8480
and not parts of 8477?

500ab160-2e66-45b7-bc19-5bf99858160b-0
00:51:55.280 --> 00:51:56.840
Molds are separately classified.

77b83bbf-b609-46ad-b99a-236ae46be678-0
00:51:57.960 --> 00:51:58.320
OK.

6979c8aa-3653-4211-9193-c221a6e45e4d-0
00:52:08.600 --> 00:52:13.011
All right, so back to you, Arthur.
If there are no other questions,

6979c8aa-3653-4211-9193-c221a6e45e4d-1
00:52:13.011 --> 00:52:14.280
we'll close this out.

00536fbd-32f5-450c-a8b6-17b693916664-0
00:52:14.280 --> 00:52:17.407
I want to thank everybody for tuning in
here and and again,

00536fbd-32f5-450c-a8b6-17b693916664-1
00:52:17.407 --> 00:52:21.160
if you have any additional questions,
you can always follow up with me.

7c00cbe0-87f7-45f5-b846-965212167010-0
00:52:21.320 --> 00:52:21.920
Thanks very much.

f83a359d-06e5-4fc2-9cbc-f8b13dcd1d25-0
00:52:21.920 --> 00:52:22.480
Have a great day.

2df256bd-aae6-4532-a405-19e0b2bc8886-0
00:52:25.240 --> 00:52:27.800
Good afternoon and thank you for
attending today's webinar.

a1b10014-4303-435b-8575-0b332bdd8b4f-0
00:52:28.320 --> 00:52:30.870
Again,
if you plan to request CBP continuing

a1b10014-4303-435b-8575-0b332bdd8b4f-1
00:52:30.870 --> 00:52:35.516
educational credits for this webinar to
be applied to other certificate programs,

a1b10014-4303-435b-8575-0b332bdd8b4f-2
00:52:35.516 --> 00:52:38.520
please contact those programs through
their website.

5a4d9c14-a8cb-4fea-81f5-a94d45d310db-0
00:52:39.320 --> 00:52:55.221
This webinar is worth 1 continuing
educational credit and the code is CBP-

5a4d9c14-a8cb-4fea-81f5-a94d45d310db-1
00:52:55.221 --> 00:52:57.800
042025-6-0035.

6e2397c9-8cf5-46c8-913b-f3cd04b4df23-0
00:53:00.040 --> 00:53:02.377
Again,
thank you for attending today's webinar

6e2397c9-8cf5-46c8-913b-f3cd04b4df23-1
00:53:02.377 --> 00:53:03.920
and enjoy the rest of your day.