WEBVTT

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>> CHRISSI GUTH: Good afternoon I'm
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Chrissi Guth with the Office of Trade
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operations today's webinar is Overview of
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Consultation Laws
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This webinar is a part of the NCSD's
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2023 Webinar Series.
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Please be mindful that you will be
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on mute during the presentation.
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Therefore, we ask that you please submit
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any questions you have in the chat
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feature.
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If you plan to request the optional
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CCS or CES credits through the NCB FAA
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educational institute, please check the
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chat box for the completion code. It
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will be provided several times
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throughout the webinar.
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Now I would like to pass it over to
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national import specialist, Steve
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Pollichino.
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>> STEVE: Or Pollichino, either way
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is fine. Welcome, everybody and thank
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you, Chrissi, for the introduction my
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name is Steve Pollichino I'm national
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import specialist 209. I am one of the
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electronic NISs in the division.
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So here it is, this is the day,
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huh?
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Waiting all summer, the anticipation
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of this PowerPoint. I can feel the
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tension. Everybody is so excited to
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discuss dopey chemicals for use in
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electronics. Well, you know, let's get
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started, why Headinging 3818 why did I
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pick that to talk about today because
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that's a chemical heading really or it's
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in a chemical chapter. And I'm an
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electronics person, what do I know about
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chemicals? If you ask some people just
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as much as I know about electronics,
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not much.
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But I did some research and I think
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we're going to be okay.
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So what happens was this year the
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electronics NIS we gave a seminar in
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Boston. Big shoutout to Boston. They
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did a great job. Big shoutout to me
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for helping us set up. But in preparing
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for that seminar we asked the ports what
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they wanted to learn about or discuss at
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the seminar. It's always Headings 8541
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and 8542 which I handle and that's for
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semiconductor stuff, diodes,
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transistors, integrated circuits are
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very popular. Why that always comes up
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of course is because of the solar cell
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issue and solar panels probably a real
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popular commodity these days and
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everybody wants to discuss them.
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Well, in preparing for that seminar,
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I came across this heading that I
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discovered was my responsibility.
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3818 and lo and behold I looked into
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it and there's really not much
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information on it. There's probably
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three rulings in cross. One of which I
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just did maybe two months ago. So there
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wasn't a lot of information.
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I didn't want to discuss 8541 and 42
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again because I just did it. But in
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looking at this heading, I decided that
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this could fit into the world of
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semiconductor manufacturing type of
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information.
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Meaning a lot of avenues, a lot of
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things that we have to look at when
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we're doing 8541 and 42, we need to know
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the manufacturing process took place
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when we're trying to classify stuff
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there.
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Also, the big thing these days is
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that solar cell anti-dumping and solar
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cell solar panel CBD, solar cell 301
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remedy, solar cell panel 201 remedy.
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And those orders they always give a
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physical description of the solar cells,
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size, dimension, material. And whether
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or not it has what they call a P & N
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junction all of those remedies and
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dumping orders mention this PNN
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junction, what is that? We're going to
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talk about it later on but just to get
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started PNN junction, they are talking
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about a commodity that has a positive
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and negative attribute to it .
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So what they are actually talking
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about is a step in the manufacturing
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process where at that point the dumping
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duties, CBD, 301, 201, may be imposed.
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So it could have been there was a P
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& N junction at some point in the
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manufacturing. Or it could have been at
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the other end where they had the
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electrical wires coming off of the back
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of these devices.
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They picked a point in the
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manufacturing process to start the
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imposition of these dumping orders and
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such.
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So I looked at 3818 and it's really
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a step in the manufacturing process.
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So that's why we're going to talk
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about it. Because I sort of started to
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find it interesting.
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When I do these seminars and I do the
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webinars, I like to speak from
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experience.
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Any of us can go out to Google and
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look up these terms and figure things
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out ourselves.
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Especially if you have some
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experience.
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I like to talk about what I've
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touched, I've seen, I've ruled on, there
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have been court cases on.
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The decisions I give are custom
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decisions, not my opinions. Many times
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I have a different opinion. But I have
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to give the customs opinion. So I need
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to have past presidents and court cases
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to draw from.
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This heading has none of that. Past
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precedents.
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Additionally this heading when I
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prepared these slides, all the pictures
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and all the information I tried to pull
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off and put into this webinar has to be
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public domain. So I have to do a Google
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Search using that filter where I'm
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gettingpoma pictures. And of course --
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public domain pictures lo and behold
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once you click the button all of the
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pictures you want to use disappears and
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you're left with hardly any pictures to
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use . So the hands-on experience of this
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heading is going to be limited. But
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again, I think we can get through that.
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And this is going to be more of an
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FYI type of webinar. To let you know
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this heading exists let you know what I
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think at this time at this point in my
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career here reading this heading.
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And I think -- regarding this
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heading and I think you'll be all right
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so let's start and you'll see what some
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of my ramblings are talking about.
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There's a Mission Statement. This
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webinar is for general information
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purposes.
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This is like a discussion. Even
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though I can't really hear you guys.
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This is not absolute facts. You may
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come back, there's an electrical
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engineer at the end that knows a hell of
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a lot more than I do might come back and
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tell me something that changes my mind.
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We're always open to that. Part of
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issuing rulings is the fact we get to
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ask the requester questions as a way of
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learning so it's a two-way street.
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Anything in this webinar is what I
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believe now. But we're always open to
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new interpretations and any help that the
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field can give us.
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The images, the video are all public
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domain like I said so I can't go out to
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Google and grab every image I wanted I
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had to get special ones and there aren't
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too many of those if you have questions
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and you want a solid answer which is
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legally binding please consider getting a
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ruling from us.
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This slide has the web address of how
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to get a ruling, it's all electronic
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these days, it's very easy. And there's
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the pitch for that. So Heading 3818 let
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me talk about -- talking about
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semiconductor items we're talking solar
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cells and 8540 diodes, transistors,
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triads, all of these devices that are
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made from something called a
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semiconductor material.
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In 8542 we have integrated circuits.
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Also a type of semiconductor type of
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unit made up of other -- a variety of
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components.
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It's integrated. A whole bunch of
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components around that.
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The process really starts as far as
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I'm concerned here in 3818.
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So we have two parts to this.
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Chemical elements doped for use in
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electronics in the form of discs, wafers
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or similar forms and we have a semicolon
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which means stop we have a new product
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to talk about.
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And it deals with chemical compounds
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-- compounds doped for use in
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electronics.
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So there's two things. Chemical
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elements that are doped. And chemical
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compounds that are doped.
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So what happens is and we're going
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to talk about it later on.
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Chemical elements. What we're
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talking about are the elements remember
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the periodic table from high school, was
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it chemistry class or before? You know,
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you have your iron and your silicon, and
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a variety of other stuff.
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All of the chemical elements are
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found in the periodic table.
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So what we're talking about is this
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type of chemical element that's been
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doped for use in electronics. And then
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it's in the form of discs, wafers, or
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similar forms.
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An then we have chemical compounds
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which are also doped for use in
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electronics.
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So the first question is, you know,
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what's the chemical element.
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So we're talking about the chemical
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elements the periodic table which are
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found in Chapter 28.
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Such things as silicon and
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selenium. So those are elements that
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you would find in the periodic table.
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Singular elements.
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And then they take them and they
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dope them with an impurity. In this
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case they are talking about boron and
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phosphorous.
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Which are also elements found in the
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periodic table.
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And a very small percentage they add
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to it.
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The first portion of this is you have
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two things you have a single chemical
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that's been doped and in a specific
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shape. Wafers or similar forms. Discs,
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wafers or similar forms.
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When you have something like the
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third pictured on the right, when it's in
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the form of unworked as drawn or the
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form of cylinder or rod as classified in
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Chapter 28 when they say forms
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understanding worked or drawn they are
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not talking about someone taking a
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pencil and drawing them, that inget on
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the right is probably the -- one of the
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first steps in making a -- I'm going to
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keep going back to solar cell as my
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example because that's the one I know
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the best and I've dealt with the most as
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opposed to diodes and tryodes.
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So that inget on the right, what
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happens is they take -- I'm going to
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talk about silicon a lot that's what
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they use to make solar cells and what I
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have also dealt with if you can picture
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they take silicon which is sort of like
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sand in a seminar we actually got to see
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some people came down from the solar
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industry and talked about the
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manufacturing process.
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And there's a lot of steps that
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happen before you even take that sand.
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As far as mining the elements,
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cleaning them up, making them pure
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there's a whole process before you even
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call it silicon but for us picture sand
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they take a bunch of sand they throw it
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into a crucible and heat it up until
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it's molten then in this machine they
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have a rod that goes down into that
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molten material where on the tip of the
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rod they have a seed of semiconductor
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material. They start pulling the rod up
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and out of that molten soup very slowly.
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As they do that, that inget gets
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formed as the rod pulls up the crystal
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starts to grow and emerging out of that
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molten crucible that's being drawn it's
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being drawn up.
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That's why at the top and the bottom
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you sort of see like drip marks.
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That came in by itself as is that
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rod even if it's doped it would still go
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to Chapter 28.
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The second part of 3818 talks about
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chemical compounds doped for use in
00:12:44.849 --> 00:12:49.038
electronics. With a compound is 2
00:12:49.038 --> 00:12:50.649
elements of the periodic table.
00:12:50.649 --> 00:12:52.426
So they are talking about chemical
00:12:52.426 --> 00:12:59.321
compounds such as cadmium sell nide,
00:12:59.321 --> 00:13:01.633
indium arsenide, those are two
00:13:01.633 --> 00:13:04.907
thingsinednium arsenide are two
00:13:04.907 --> 00:13:07.628
separate elements in the periodic table
00:13:07.628 --> 00:13:09.404
when they combine them they make a
00:13:09.404 --> 00:13:11.509
compound so the second part of the
00:13:11.509 --> 00:13:14.879
definition deals with combinations of
00:13:14.879 --> 00:13:17.619
compounds I don't know why they talk
00:13:17.619 --> 00:13:19.332
about it like this but compounds
00:13:19.332 --> 00:13:26.258
containing certain additives geranium
00:13:26.258 --> 00:13:29.200
and iodine with a certain view to their
00:13:29.200 --> 00:13:30.873
use in electronics. So again it's doping
00:13:30.873 --> 00:13:37.034
they take a compound cadmium sell nide
00:13:37.034 --> 00:13:39.356
they add something to it to change the
00:13:39.356 --> 00:13:40.542
chemical attributes of course at some
00:13:40.542 --> 00:13:43.930
point they are going to use this in
00:13:43.930 --> 00:13:46.749
electronics. Sellen nide. In this case
00:13:46.749 --> 00:13:49.103
you can have a cylinder or a rod in the
00:13:49.103 --> 00:13:51.351
first section you couldn't in this
00:13:51.351 --> 00:13:53.566
second the second part you could have a
00:13:53.566 --> 00:13:55.728
cylinder or rod or it can be cut into
00:13:55.728 --> 00:13:58.158
discs, wafers or similar forms.
00:13:58.158 --> 00:14:00.006

00:14:00.006 --> 00:14:02.235
The heading covers these crystals
00:14:02.235 --> 00:14:03.802
these items actually called crystals
00:14:03.802 --> 00:14:05.620
whether or not they are polished or
00:14:05.620 --> 00:14:10.049
coated with a uniform epitaxial layer
00:14:10.049 --> 00:14:11.902
and we'll talk about epitaxial layers
00:14:11.902 --> 00:14:13.228
later.
00:14:13.228 --> 00:14:16.910
For those components -- those more
00:14:16.910 --> 00:14:19.623
extensively worked by for example
00:14:19.623 --> 00:14:21.638
selective diffusion, fall into Heading
00:14:21.638 --> 00:14:26.760
85.41. As semiconductor devices. 8541
00:14:26.760 --> 00:14:29.822
is diodes, transistors, and solar cell
00:14:29.822 --> 00:14:31.320
type stuff .
00:14:31.320 --> 00:14:36.402
You have to see how much was done to
00:14:36.402 --> 00:14:38.091
these items because there will be a
00:14:38.091 --> 00:14:39.112
certain point in the manufacturing
00:14:39.112 --> 00:14:41.494
process where it stops being 3818 and,
00:14:41.494 --> 00:14:44.662
bam, we're now manufactured to the point
00:14:44.662 --> 00:14:47.857
where it could be in Items 8541 or at
00:14:47.857 --> 00:14:50.728
least a part in 8541, depending on
00:14:50.728 --> 00:14:52.394
what's being done.
00:14:52.394 --> 00:14:59.013
So in talking about this, we're
00:14:59.013 --> 00:15:00.441
looking at the steps in the
00:15:00.441 --> 00:15:02.404
manufacturing process because we want to
00:15:02.404 --> 00:15:04.030
get to the point -- one of the reasons
00:15:04.030 --> 00:15:05.998
we want to get to the point in the
00:15:05.998 --> 00:15:08.414
manufacturing process where there's this
00:15:08.414 --> 00:15:10.086
P & N junction and now you have a
00:15:10.086 --> 00:15:12.187
product if it's a solar cell that's
00:15:12.187 --> 00:15:14.447
subject to dumping and such.
00:15:14.447 --> 00:15:16.342
So that's what we're looking at the
00:15:16.342 --> 00:15:18.592
steps of the manufacturing process.
00:15:18.592 --> 00:15:22.954
So while we're talking about this,
00:15:22.954 --> 00:15:25.120
we've got these chemicals or we have
00:15:25.120 --> 00:15:26.152
chemical compounds which we are saying
00:15:26.152 --> 00:15:27.992
are doped. Well, a lot of people say,
00:15:27.992 --> 00:15:29.331
I'm doped.
00:15:29.331 --> 00:15:31.704
But it's not the same thing.
00:15:31.704 --> 00:15:33.971
When they talk about a dope, they are
00:15:33.971 --> 00:15:38.158
talking about a dopant, which is an
00:15:38.158 --> 00:15:40.091
agent or impurity that they are going to
00:15:40.091 --> 00:15:43.594
put into the I'm going to use silicon
00:15:43.594 --> 00:15:45.605
again, the silicon or the chemical
00:15:45.605 --> 00:15:46.800
structure of whatever element they are
00:15:46.800 --> 00:15:49.020
using, in my case silicon.
00:15:49.020 --> 00:15:51.544
Which changes it from a
00:15:51.544 --> 00:15:53.650
semiconductor more into a conductor.
00:15:53.650 --> 00:15:58.926
So a dopant is a trace impurity
00:15:58.926 --> 00:16:00.769
element that's inserted into a substance
00:16:00.769 --> 00:16:03.054
inserted into silicon if making a solar
00:16:03.054 --> 00:16:05.412
panel to alter the electrical or optical
00:16:05.412 --> 00:16:06.847
properties so we're looking to change
00:16:06.847 --> 00:16:09.596
the structure in this case of silicon.
00:16:09.596 --> 00:16:11.792
It says you can change the behavior
00:16:11.792 --> 00:16:14.709
of silicon and turn it into a conductor
00:16:14.709 --> 00:16:16.773
by doping it. In doping you mix a small
00:16:16.773 --> 00:16:20.099
amount of an impurity into the silicon
00:16:20.099 --> 00:16:20.791
crystal.
00:16:20.791 --> 00:16:23.303
So we have a bunch of silicon in and
00:16:23.303 --> 00:16:27.242
of itself it's sort of a conductor, it's
00:16:27.242 --> 00:16:29.297
sort of an insulator. It's terrible at
00:16:29.297 --> 00:16:31.151
both. So we have to change it up so now
00:16:31.151 --> 00:16:39.859
we can make a better type of conductor.
00:16:39.859 --> 00:16:40.985
I'm just looking at some of the
00:16:40.985 --> 00:16:44.282
comments. Is every silicon wafer that
00:16:44.282 --> 00:16:45.864
will be used for electronics going to be
00:16:45.864 --> 00:16:50.449
doped? Something has to happen to it.
00:16:50.449 --> 00:16:52.773
I'm sure there's a process now where
00:16:52.773 --> 00:16:54.607
maybe they don't have to dope it, they
00:16:54.607 --> 00:16:56.251
do something else that I'm not aware of.
00:16:56.251 --> 00:16:56.921

00:16:56.921 --> 00:17:02.358
But silicon in and of itself it's
00:17:02.358 --> 00:17:03.673
hard to say, it depends on what the
00:17:03.673 --> 00:17:06.820
process is but silicon in and of itself
00:17:06.820 --> 00:17:08.355
is not going to be an electrical
00:17:08.355 --> 00:17:10.761
device. Because the electrons within it
00:17:10.761 --> 00:17:12.242
can't move.
00:17:12.242 --> 00:17:14.886
What we're trying to do is make
00:17:14.886 --> 00:17:18.238
silicon, make it change it so that we
00:17:18.238 --> 00:17:20.336
have the ability to have electrons move
00:17:20.336 --> 00:17:23.672
around. Silicon as-is, every electron
00:17:23.672 --> 00:17:26.368
in silicon is accounted for and it's
00:17:26.368 --> 00:17:27.995
imperfect order, there's no way to get
00:17:27.995 --> 00:17:32.227
any of the electrons to move so you can't
00:17:32.227 --> 00:17:34.388
use it that way, you have to free up
00:17:34.388 --> 00:17:35.695
some electrons which is what the doping
00:17:35.695 --> 00:17:38.456
does and we'll show you later on I would
00:17:38.456 --> 00:17:41.064
say every silicon, yeah, you're going
00:17:41.064 --> 00:17:43.208
to use in electronics, as far as I know
00:17:43.208 --> 00:17:45.242
has to be doped in some way.
00:17:45.242 --> 00:17:47.882
Unless there's a brand-new technique
00:17:47.882 --> 00:17:54.388
out there, which they invent every day
00:17:54.388 --> 00:17:57.077
so for now I'll say yes, it has to be.
00:17:57.077 --> 00:17:59.008
So when we talk about doping we're
00:17:59.008 --> 00:18:01.741
not just talking about me, we're talking
00:18:01.741 --> 00:18:03.432
about again we're going to go with
00:18:03.432 --> 00:18:05.885
silicon these are examples with solar
00:18:05.885 --> 00:18:08.382
cells and stuff two of the most
00:18:08.382 --> 00:18:10.208
important materials silicon can be doped
00:18:10.208 --> 00:18:12.531
with are boron and for frous.
00:18:12.531 --> 00:18:16.914
And it says there that boron is 3
00:18:16.914 --> 00:18:20.479
valence electrons and phosphorous has 5
00:18:20.479 --> 00:18:21.997
valance electrons. Well, that's
00:18:21.997 --> 00:18:24.298
fantastic. What does that mean?
00:18:24.298 --> 00:18:29.518
So Val lents, the word valance
00:18:29.518 --> 00:18:33.330
you're going to say means if you picture
00:18:33.330 --> 00:18:35.299
an atom you have the center part and
00:18:35.299 --> 00:18:38.453
then orbit around it what is that,
00:18:38.453 --> 00:18:41.375
Saturn, various orbits of electrons,
00:18:41.375 --> 00:18:45.279
valents. The outer most ring the last
00:18:45.279 --> 00:18:47.579
ring of electrons on this atom is called
00:18:47.579 --> 00:18:51.127
the valent ring and in that valent ring
00:18:51.127 --> 00:18:53.161
you can have different amount of
00:18:53.161 --> 00:18:54.835
electrons circling so in the case of
00:18:54.835 --> 00:18:57.475
boron there are 3 electrons circling
00:18:57.475 --> 00:18:57.908
it.
00:18:57.908 --> 00:18:59.986
And phosphorous there are 5.
00:18:59.986 --> 00:19:04.478
And that matters, as we will see.
00:19:04.478 --> 00:19:07.643
So they take those dopants and they
00:19:07.643 --> 00:19:09.580
integrate them into the lattice
00:19:09.580 --> 00:19:10.701
structure of the semiconductor crystal
00:19:10.701 --> 00:19:14.354
in our case it's silicon.
00:19:14.354 --> 00:19:19.441
So they integrate those dopes into
00:19:19.441 --> 00:19:20.845
the silicon lattice structure and they
00:19:20.845 --> 00:19:21.622
change things up.
00:19:21.622 --> 00:19:25.220
So if they use the 3 valent electron
00:19:25.220 --> 00:19:28.697
the boron you end up with a peak type of
00:19:28.697 --> 00:19:30.733
-- P type of doping or positive type of
00:19:30.733 --> 00:19:35.313
doping if you use 5 valent electron --
00:19:35.313 --> 00:19:37.073
valance electron like the phosphorous
00:19:37.073 --> 00:19:39.983
you end up with N type of doping or
00:19:39.983 --> 00:19:41.864
negative type of doping we're looking to
00:19:41.864 --> 00:19:44.716
get to the point of P & N junk picture a
00:19:44.716 --> 00:19:46.831
battery you have a positive and negative
00:19:46.831 --> 00:19:49.361
end a diode and a positive and negative
00:19:49.361 --> 00:19:51.816
end if you're going to use electronics
00:19:51.816 --> 00:19:53.503
pretty much everything will have a
00:19:53.503 --> 00:19:54.319
positive and negative end. At that point
00:19:54.319 --> 00:19:56.441
in the manufacturing process you sort of
00:19:56.441 --> 00:19:59.019
almost have a functioning device I guess
00:19:59.019 --> 00:20:03.046
that's the way the dumping order jumps
00:20:03.046 --> 00:20:04.483
onto them at that point they don't wait
00:20:04.483 --> 00:20:06.320
until it's totally finished at the point
00:20:06.320 --> 00:20:09.313
it can move electrons somebody decided
00:20:09.313 --> 00:20:11.233
that's the point the dumping order should
00:20:11.233 --> 00:20:13.109
be imposed because you almost have a
00:20:13.109 --> 00:20:14.102
finished product.
00:20:14.102 --> 00:20:16.839
Okay. The chemical elements of
00:20:16.839 --> 00:20:19.015
compounds -- or compounds referred to
00:20:19.015 --> 00:20:20.653
in 3818 have the property of a
00:20:20.653 --> 00:20:23.440
semiconductor.
00:20:23.440 --> 00:20:25.785
Like I said at room temperature a
00:20:25.785 --> 00:20:27.890
semiconductor stinks at being a
00:20:27.890 --> 00:20:29.405
conductor and stinks at being an
00:20:29.405 --> 00:20:31.403
insulator so we have to switch it up.
00:20:31.403 --> 00:20:35.667
So the first picture, the blue Si is a
00:20:35.667 --> 00:20:38.407
silicon, one I could find, a silicon
00:20:38.407 --> 00:20:44.008
atom. Circling around it in the last
00:20:44.008 --> 00:20:45.252
ring are 4 electrons.
00:20:45.252 --> 00:20:48.885
So a silicon semiconductor or
00:20:48.885 --> 00:20:51.795
silicon atom is known as a tetravalent
00:20:51.795 --> 00:20:53.130
chemical element.
00:20:53.130 --> 00:20:55.349
Valent because we're talking about
00:20:55.349 --> 00:20:59.095
the outer most electron ring. Tetra
00:20:59.095 --> 00:21:02.490
because I think a cling-on the word tetra
00:21:02.490 --> 00:21:05.419
means 4. Tetra stands for 4. What they
00:21:05.419 --> 00:21:07.567
are saying is silicon has 4 electrons in
00:21:07.567 --> 00:21:10.479
the outer ring.
00:21:10.479 --> 00:21:14.665
And the dopants, phosphorous is a
00:21:14.665 --> 00:21:16.958
pentavalent atom.
00:21:16.958 --> 00:21:19.515
Meaning that the outer ring at least
00:21:19.515 --> 00:21:20.799
you can see there are various rings P
00:21:20.799 --> 00:21:21.829
is.
00:21:21.829 --> 00:21:22.725
>> DR. FOREST FORD: Frous has a
00:21:22.725 --> 00:21:24.769
whole bunch of rings the last ring is the
00:21:24.769 --> 00:21:29.719
valent ring it has 5 electrons so
00:21:29.719 --> 00:21:33.461
cling-on penta means 5. Valent. The
00:21:33.461 --> 00:21:35.194
outer ring. Boron has 3.
00:21:35.194 --> 00:21:38.525
So here we have it, we have 4 then
00:21:38.525 --> 00:21:40.680
we're going to mess that up by adding
00:21:40.680 --> 00:21:42.302
either 5 or 3.
00:21:42.302 --> 00:21:44.165
Because you're looking to get some
00:21:44.165 --> 00:21:51.355
electrons to be freed up and moving.
00:21:51.355 --> 00:21:53.287
Here is a silicon atom. Somewhere I
00:21:53.287 --> 00:21:55.125
don't know if I passed over it because
00:21:55.125 --> 00:21:57.553
I start rambling and lose track of where
00:21:57.553 --> 00:22:00.121
I am they talk about the silicon lattice
00:22:00.121 --> 00:22:02.188
structure.
00:22:02.188 --> 00:22:05.522
So picture a quilt. You knit a
00:22:05.522 --> 00:22:08.326
little square.
00:22:08.326 --> 00:22:12.321
Square knity things a whole bunch of
00:22:12.321 --> 00:22:14.189
them and then you sue them together then
00:22:14.189 --> 00:22:15.897
you have a -- you Sue them together you
00:22:15.897 --> 00:22:20.244
have a big blanket the quilty blanket
00:22:20.244 --> 00:22:22.227
similar to silicon atom where you have
00:22:22.227 --> 00:22:24.455
the atoms are perfectly paired off .
00:22:24.455 --> 00:22:26.103
Silicon has 4 electrons in the outer
00:22:26.103 --> 00:22:28.605
most ring. Those 4 electrons pair off
00:22:28.605 --> 00:22:31.709
with a neighboring silicon atom, its 4
00:22:31.709 --> 00:22:34.031
electrons and so forth and so on. So
00:22:34.031 --> 00:22:35.056
it's perfect.
00:22:35.056 --> 00:22:36.879
Every electron is accounted for and
00:22:36.879 --> 00:22:38.618
has a little partner. Nobody -- there
00:22:38.618 --> 00:22:40.366
are no electrons available for
00:22:40.366 --> 00:22:41.368
movement.
00:22:41.368 --> 00:22:43.131
So we're going to mess up this
00:22:43.131 --> 00:22:48.690
lattice structure by adding a dopant.
00:22:48.690 --> 00:22:50.469
In this case the negative dopant
00:22:50.469 --> 00:22:52.125
we're going to add is phosphorous
00:22:52.125 --> 00:22:55.378
because it has 5 electrons.
00:22:55.378 --> 00:22:57.489
So what happens. We had our silicon
00:22:57.489 --> 00:22:59.370
lattice structure nice, nice. In the
00:22:59.370 --> 00:23:03.346
middle we stuck a phosphorous atom.
00:23:03.346 --> 00:23:06.531
Which has 5 electrons. So the 1, 2,
00:23:06.531 --> 00:23:10.011
3, 4, they all match up. Lo and behold
00:23:10.011 --> 00:23:12.091
we have this extra electron now.
00:23:12.091 --> 00:23:13.998
There's no neighboring electron for it
00:23:13.998 --> 00:23:17.752
to hook up with.
00:23:17.752 --> 00:23:21.168
So by adding phosphorous, we created
00:23:21.168 --> 00:23:23.292
a negative attribute in this sliver of
00:23:23.292 --> 00:23:27.960
silicon that we want to make a diode.
00:23:27.960 --> 00:23:30.087
But that's not good enough because
00:23:30.087 --> 00:23:31.894
now we need a negative attribute.
00:23:31.894 --> 00:23:33.354
Or positive, I'm sorry.
00:23:33.354 --> 00:23:35.663
So in contrast, now we're going to
00:23:35.663 --> 00:23:39.528
add boron, which has 3 so it's actually
00:23:39.528 --> 00:23:41.739
missing an electron really. So you add
00:23:41.739 --> 00:23:46.417
boron to the silicon lattice structure.
00:23:46.417 --> 00:23:48.904
These guys I hope you can see my cursor
00:23:48.904 --> 00:23:53.151
move around, can they see my cursor ?
00:23:53.151 --> 00:23:55.905
All right so the one electron meets up
00:23:55.905 --> 00:23:59.110
one electron meets up oh, okay.
00:23:59.110 --> 00:24:01.977
And 3 electrons.
00:24:01.977 --> 00:24:03.847
I'm moving my cursor and nobody can
00:24:03.847 --> 00:24:04.450
see it.
00:24:04.450 --> 00:24:06.953
So the 3 electrons of boron match up
00:24:06.953 --> 00:24:09.405
with neighboring 3 electrons of the
00:24:09.405 --> 00:24:13.037
silicon. But then on the top, there's a
00:24:13.037 --> 00:24:14.515
silicon electron that does not have a
00:24:14.515 --> 00:24:17.671
boron electron to match up with so it
00:24:17.671 --> 00:24:23.543
creates a whole. And in some fashion
00:24:23.543 --> 00:24:26.563
that whole structures in electron from
00:24:26.563 --> 00:24:28.403
the silicon structure and creates an
00:24:28.403 --> 00:24:30.717
imbalance and so there's a hole on the
00:24:30.717 --> 00:24:31.939
side of the equation on the negative
00:24:31.939 --> 00:24:36.093
side we have an extra electron on the
00:24:36.093 --> 00:24:37.307
positive side we have a hole think of
00:24:37.307 --> 00:24:39.632
putt-putt golf you're looking to hit
00:24:39.632 --> 00:24:41.307
that ball across the green into that
00:24:41.307 --> 00:24:43.681
hole .
00:24:43.681 --> 00:24:44.675
And that is the movement of
00:24:44.675 --> 00:24:46.942
electrons. And that's what's going to
00:24:46.942 --> 00:24:49.372
make a solar cell active. It's going to
00:24:49.372 --> 00:24:51.343
make a diode active.
00:24:51.343 --> 00:24:56.955
In short, looking at solar cell
00:24:56.955 --> 00:24:58.998
manufacturing, because this is the one
00:24:58.998 --> 00:25:03.598
example I could find, the dopant used in
00:25:03.598 --> 00:25:05.945
the crystallization process, boron,
00:25:05.945 --> 00:25:07.764
lacks 1 electron.
00:25:07.764 --> 00:25:10.143
So in my example where they took the
00:25:10.143 --> 00:25:13.209
sand and put it in the crucible and
00:25:13.209 --> 00:25:15.902
heated it up into a loaf of crystal we
00:25:15.902 --> 00:25:18.158
saw that little picture of, as that
00:25:18.158 --> 00:25:20.900
stuff is heating up and nice and melty,
00:25:20.900 --> 00:25:22.678
they add a little bit of boron to that
00:25:22.678 --> 00:25:26.058
it gets mixed around. In that loaf of
00:25:26.058 --> 00:25:27.913
crystal that comes out is silicon doped
00:25:27.913 --> 00:25:28.830
with boron.
00:25:28.830 --> 00:25:35.074
And then they slice it into wafers
00:25:35.074 --> 00:25:35.863
or cells.
00:25:35.863 --> 00:25:39.767
They slice up that loaf of silicon.
00:25:39.767 --> 00:25:43.596
Then they have to add the
00:25:43.596 --> 00:25:45.316
phosphorous to the surface of that to
00:25:45.316 --> 00:25:50.056
get the other part of the junction.
00:25:50.056 --> 00:25:50.705
The negative part.
00:25:50.705 --> 00:25:52.798
So phosphorous is then added to the
00:25:52.798 --> 00:25:56.197
surface layer of the wafer. So we have
00:25:56.197 --> 00:25:58.039
the crystal structure itself is
00:25:58.039 --> 00:25:59.480
negative. And they slice it into a wafer
00:25:59.480 --> 00:26:01.771
so you have a negative wafer then
00:26:01.771 --> 00:26:04.936
you're going to spread the surface with
00:26:04.936 --> 00:26:06.623
phosphorous and then you're going to
00:26:06.623 --> 00:26:08.566
reverse what I said. You have a
00:26:08.566 --> 00:26:10.635
positive wafer then you spri the
00:26:10.635 --> 00:26:12.680
phosphorous and then you get a -- spray
00:26:12.680 --> 00:26:14.516
it and then you get a negative layer on
00:26:14.516 --> 00:26:15.073
top .
00:26:15.073 --> 00:26:19.718
So the wafer structure is positive.
00:26:19.718 --> 00:26:22.057
The coating I'm going to say, the
00:26:22.057 --> 00:26:23.001
phosphorous is negative.
00:26:23.001 --> 00:26:26.143
So now where they meet is the
00:26:26.143 --> 00:26:28.178
junction so in the dumper orders or in
00:26:28.178 --> 00:26:30.572
the notes the chapter they talk about
00:26:30.572 --> 00:26:33.955
the P & N junction now we have a P & N
00:26:33.955 --> 00:26:37.299
junction, where you have a order between
00:26:37.299 --> 00:26:40.290
a positive attribute of silicon and
00:26:40.290 --> 00:26:42.529
negative attribute. In the case of a
00:26:42.529 --> 00:26:44.505
solar cell one side of that we have extra
00:26:44.505 --> 00:26:48.673
electrons on one side we have a hole in
00:26:48.673 --> 00:26:50.915
a solar cell what happens is sunlight
00:26:50.915 --> 00:26:52.484
which who knew consists of things called
00:26:52.484 --> 00:26:55.333
photons. They actually hit the cell.
00:26:55.333 --> 00:26:58.206
And they knock that extra electron
00:26:58.206 --> 00:26:59.413
loose.
00:26:59.413 --> 00:27:01.102
And because of, I don't know if it's
00:27:01.102 --> 00:27:03.910
osmosis or what. But however it works
00:27:03.910 --> 00:27:06.331
that extra electron now shoots across the
00:27:06.331 --> 00:27:08.665
junction the border. And into the hole
00:27:08.665 --> 00:27:09.488
on the other side.
00:27:09.488 --> 00:27:12.112
And that flow process starts. Those
00:27:12.112 --> 00:27:14.082
electrons are now crossing over and
00:27:14.082 --> 00:27:16.378
going to the other point and eventually
00:27:16.378 --> 00:27:22.476
out the back of the solar cell as DC
00:27:22.476 --> 00:27:23.735
current.
00:27:23.735 --> 00:27:28.579
This is a picture of a diode.
00:27:28.579 --> 00:27:32.505
So again it's made of almost exactly
00:27:32.505 --> 00:27:35.078
like a solar cell it's made up of
00:27:35.078 --> 00:27:39.131
silicon that's been doped. One-half
00:27:39.131 --> 00:27:41.651
with phosphorous. One-half with boron
00:27:41.651 --> 00:27:44.397
so you have the P/N junction there .
00:27:44.397 --> 00:27:46.494
And in the picture to the right, one
00:27:46.494 --> 00:27:47.890
side on the left side you have a whole
00:27:47.890 --> 00:27:49.374
bunch of holes. On the right side you
00:27:49.374 --> 00:27:52.078
have a whole bunch of extra electrons.
00:27:52.078 --> 00:27:55.108
And in the case of a diode when
00:27:55.108 --> 00:27:56.394
electrical current is introduced those
00:27:56.394 --> 00:27:59.854
electrons start to move and they go
00:27:59.854 --> 00:28:04.551
across the dividing line to the holes.
00:28:04.551 --> 00:28:07.544
So the P/N junction is an interface
00:28:07.544 --> 00:28:09.328
between the two types of semiconductor
00:28:09.328 --> 00:28:12.418
material, the P type and N type inside a
00:28:12.418 --> 00:28:14.243
single crystal of semiconductor.
00:28:14.243 --> 00:28:16.625
So it's at this point where a solar
00:28:16.625 --> 00:28:18.089
cell could be subject to the dumping
00:28:18.089 --> 00:28:20.841
order. The 301 to 201 I think they all
00:28:20.841 --> 00:28:26.225
talk about a P/N junction.
00:28:26.225 --> 00:28:27.622
There's a lot of other issues to
00:28:27.622 --> 00:28:37.821
worry about, size, thickness, material.
00:28:37.821 --> 00:28:39.584
But -- okay that's what doping is
00:28:39.584 --> 00:28:41.222
about is adding an impurity to get
00:28:41.222 --> 00:28:42.521
electrons moving.
00:28:42.521 --> 00:28:44.866
So the chemicals that we're talking
00:28:44.866 --> 00:28:47.664
about, 3818, have to have this type of
00:28:47.664 --> 00:28:50.097
dopant used within them.
00:28:50.097 --> 00:28:55.462
And the ASA in 38 -- they stay in
00:28:55.462 --> 00:28:57.954
3818 as long as it's not worked to a
00:28:57.954 --> 00:29:02.041
point where it can go into 8541. So
00:29:02.041 --> 00:29:04.492
general doping, polishing and coating
00:29:04.492 --> 00:29:08.681
type of stuff. Nothing specific.
00:29:08.681 --> 00:29:10.494
Oh, wait I think we're going to talk
00:29:10.494 --> 00:29:14.499
about that now, so getting back to 3818,
00:29:14.499 --> 00:29:16.245
the heading at the bottom, the heading
00:29:16.245 --> 00:29:19.880
covers such crystals polished or not
00:29:19.880 --> 00:29:22.899
whether or not coated with a uniform
00:29:22.899 --> 00:29:25.330
epitaxial layer.
00:29:25.330 --> 00:29:28.346
Those more exclusively worked by
00:29:28.346 --> 00:29:30.226
selective diffusion fall into Heading
00:29:30.226 --> 00:29:36.297
8541.
00:29:36.297 --> 00:29:39.864
So what is epitaxial? And what is
00:29:39.864 --> 00:29:42.638
selective diffusion?
00:29:42.638 --> 00:29:47.204
Epitaxial refers to the depositing
00:29:47.204 --> 00:29:50.676
of a crystal overlayer on a crystal
00:29:50.676 --> 00:29:53.223
substrate. The overlayer is called an
00:29:53.223 --> 00:29:55.525
epitaxial film or layer.
00:29:55.525 --> 00:30:00.825
Epitaxial refers to on top of. It
00:30:00.825 --> 00:30:02.960
could be a type of crystal growth or
00:30:02.960 --> 00:30:07.051
depositing of a new crystal layer.
00:30:07.051 --> 00:30:08.948
So what happens. I just had a
00:30:08.948 --> 00:30:11.854
question that dealt with this recently.
00:30:11.854 --> 00:30:13.924
Which is interesting. If you're a very
00:30:13.924 --> 00:30:15.166
boring person.
00:30:15.166 --> 00:30:20.805
But so the substrate layer is a
00:30:20.805 --> 00:30:23.735
slice of that silicon inget maybe it's
00:30:23.735 --> 00:30:25.536
doped to be negative maybe it's doped to
00:30:25.536 --> 00:30:28.941
be positive, I don't know. But it's
00:30:28.941 --> 00:30:30.246
probably doped.
00:30:30.246 --> 00:30:34.092
But for certain semiconductor
00:30:34.092 --> 00:30:37.901
manufacturing processes,, when they make
00:30:37.901 --> 00:30:40.226
a wafer in this fashion, it's not
00:30:40.226 --> 00:30:40.705
perfect.
00:30:40.705 --> 00:30:46.950
It's not uniform. And it's not up to
00:30:46.950 --> 00:30:49.620
the standards they need.
00:30:49.620 --> 00:30:52.769
So they take this wafer, which the
00:30:52.769 --> 00:30:55.912
way I see it is more of a substrate,
00:30:55.912 --> 00:30:58.752
it's more of something just to hold the
00:30:58.752 --> 00:30:59.773
epitaxial layer.
00:30:59.773 --> 00:31:02.175
If you wanted to build a diode or
00:31:02.175 --> 00:31:06.646
transistor on that substrate, you might
00:31:06.646 --> 00:31:08.418
be told you couldn't because that layer
00:31:08.418 --> 00:31:11.385
does not meet the specs doesn't meet
00:31:11.385 --> 00:31:12.953
the quality of what needs to be done.
00:31:12.953 --> 00:31:14.619
And I think there's a cost issue
00:31:14.619 --> 00:31:16.778
here. Because now we have even solar
00:31:16.778 --> 00:31:18.877
panels I think that epitaxial.
00:31:18.877 --> 00:31:20.436
And I think it's just a way of
00:31:20.436 --> 00:31:23.907
taking a less expensive substrate and
00:31:23.907 --> 00:31:28.246
making it a better product by using an
00:31:28.246 --> 00:31:29.319
epitaxial layer.
00:31:29.319 --> 00:31:31.441
So the substrate again is the
00:31:31.441 --> 00:31:33.415
wafer. The cell they made out of that
00:31:33.415 --> 00:31:36.263
loaf of silicon.
00:31:36.263 --> 00:31:39.036
And they lay across it a layer pretty
00:31:39.036 --> 00:31:42.408
much of the same exact stuff. But the
00:31:42.408 --> 00:31:46.204
way they do it and the material they use
00:31:46.204 --> 00:31:48.392
gives it a better quality. And they can
00:31:48.392 --> 00:31:49.955
control that it's perfect.
00:31:49.955 --> 00:31:53.040
That the -- because we're talking
00:31:53.040 --> 00:31:53.631
about electricity.
00:31:53.631 --> 00:31:56.864
So you can't have a higher resistance
00:31:56.864 --> 00:31:58.416
at this point than at this point. You
00:31:58.416 --> 00:32:01.580
can't have it heating up at this point
00:32:01.580 --> 00:32:04.268
because it's thinner. This epitaxial
00:32:04.268 --> 00:32:06.516
layer is a quality layer they put down
00:32:06.516 --> 00:32:08.085
probably the same material probably.
00:32:08.085 --> 00:32:09.862
It's just how they put it on and how much
00:32:09.862 --> 00:32:12.424
they can control it so they would stick
00:32:12.424 --> 00:32:14.295
a silicon wafer in a chemical
00:32:14.295 --> 00:32:18.300
deprivation machine or a physical -- a
00:32:18.300 --> 00:32:20.426
heat -- in heat. So they make a mist
00:32:20.426 --> 00:32:24.509
somehow. Magic. I can say it's magic.
00:32:24.509 --> 00:32:27.470
They heat up the material they want
00:32:27.470 --> 00:32:30.966
to deposit. Or these chemicals to
00:32:30.966 --> 00:32:34.934
dissolve it. Or they use electrons to
00:32:34.934 --> 00:32:36.452
bombard it. Which creates a mist in a
00:32:36.452 --> 00:32:38.538
vacuum chamber and entity coats this
00:32:38.538 --> 00:32:39.033
layer.
00:32:39.033 --> 00:32:41.160
Now what I'm -- it coats this
00:32:41.160 --> 00:32:43.563
layer. Why I'm going on about it like
00:32:43.563 --> 00:32:45.585
this is because if somebody said to me I
00:32:45.585 --> 00:32:47.824
have a disc and coat it with
00:32:47.824 --> 00:32:49.716
such-and-such I would say who cares.
00:32:49.716 --> 00:32:53.128
Coating, any other stance coating means
00:32:53.128 --> 00:32:55.064
nothing to me, it means you painted
00:32:55.064 --> 00:32:59.976
something. Depending on what we're
00:32:59.976 --> 00:33:01.571
looking at, I want to convey that this is
00:33:01.571 --> 00:33:03.802
an intensive coating process. Only
00:33:03.802 --> 00:33:07.013
smart people can do this.
00:33:07.013 --> 00:33:08.814
Nobody is putting this on with a
00:33:08.814 --> 00:33:11.018
roller or can of spray paint this is a
00:33:11.018 --> 00:33:12.828
heavy duty process to get a perfect
00:33:12.828 --> 00:33:14.175
environment for what you need.
00:33:14.175 --> 00:33:15.662
I would say this is more important
00:33:15.662 --> 00:33:17.548
than the creation of the substrate
00:33:17.548 --> 00:33:19.869
level.
00:33:19.869 --> 00:33:21.086
So this is a special type of coating.
00:33:21.086 --> 00:33:23.466
A lot of times, like I said, we would
00:33:23.466 --> 00:33:26.235
look at something and say it is coated, I
00:33:26.235 --> 00:33:27.974
could care less. You know, coating
00:33:27.974 --> 00:33:28.565
doesn't matter.
00:33:28.565 --> 00:33:31.906
In this case, this coating matters.
00:33:31.906 --> 00:33:34.105
In that coating level, that's where
00:33:34.105 --> 00:33:36.109
the diode is going to be made. That's
00:33:36.109 --> 00:33:38.095
where the transistor is going to be
00:33:38.095 --> 00:33:38.563
formed.
00:33:38.563 --> 00:33:41.144
So make a transistor as such, they
00:33:41.144 --> 00:33:44.654
take this layer now, which is negative
00:33:44.654 --> 00:33:46.813
let's say. And now they are going to
00:33:46.813 --> 00:33:52.120
start depositing positive silicon
00:33:52.120 --> 00:33:53.101
attributes to it.
00:33:53.101 --> 00:33:55.313
And I can't even -- I like to say
00:33:55.313 --> 00:33:57.318
it's magic because I have no idea what
00:33:57.318 --> 00:33:58.380
they are really doing. They are
00:33:58.380 --> 00:34:00.448
depositing positive and they are cutting
00:34:00.448 --> 00:34:02.687
stuff away and they are putting masks
00:34:02.687 --> 00:34:03.968
and they are etching. And in the
00:34:03.968 --> 00:34:05.589
structure they create a diode.
00:34:05.589 --> 00:34:07.878
They created a transistor. They
00:34:07.878 --> 00:34:10.224
didn't go to Radio Shack and buy a
00:34:10.224 --> 00:34:12.341
part. Yes, Radio Shack, I said that.
00:34:12.341 --> 00:34:15.756
They created in a massive we're
00:34:15.756 --> 00:34:18.747
talking about integrated circuit. It's
00:34:18.747 --> 00:34:21.900
a phenomenal sputtering, thank you,
00:34:21.900 --> 00:34:23.579
sputtering is one of the ways they do
00:34:23.579 --> 00:34:26.231
it, too. Sputtering is where they take
00:34:26.231 --> 00:34:28.284
a target device and they hit it with
00:34:28.284 --> 00:34:31.785
electrons and it desolves it in a vacuum
00:34:31.785 --> 00:34:35.562
chamber and it coats this layer. I have
00:34:35.562 --> 00:34:37.334
forgotten where I was going with any of
00:34:37.334 --> 00:34:39.268
this. So they talk about epic -- let's
00:34:39.268 --> 00:34:41.261
go back. I'm so excited.
00:34:41.261 --> 00:34:43.484
We're talking about a uniform
00:34:43.484 --> 00:34:44.729
epitaxial layer.
00:34:44.729 --> 00:34:46.906
I always wonder why they had to say
00:34:46.906 --> 00:34:49.559
uniform. Here is my theory. Uniform
00:34:49.559 --> 00:34:52.070
meaning they took this layer, this
00:34:52.070 --> 00:34:54.230
substrate. And they discoated the
00:34:54.230 --> 00:34:55.179
surface of it.
00:34:55.179 --> 00:34:57.045
They didn't think, oh, I want a
00:34:57.045 --> 00:34:58.508
little bit here. I want a little bit
00:34:58.508 --> 00:35:00.684
there. It's not -- there's not as much
00:35:00.684 --> 00:35:02.816
thought process. They just coated the
00:35:02.816 --> 00:35:04.918
layer -- coated the cell with it. It's
00:35:04.918 --> 00:35:05.887
a uniform layer.
00:35:05.887 --> 00:35:10.768
So yes, it could still be done Class
00:35:10.768 --> 00:35:13.643
3818.
00:35:13.643 --> 00:35:17.340
Now when you talk about they exclude
00:35:17.340 --> 00:35:19.536
selective diffusion, so I compare the
00:35:19.536 --> 00:35:22.382
two. Selective diffusion now we're
00:35:22.382 --> 00:35:25.982
starting to use our brain. Because now
00:35:25.982 --> 00:35:27.704
we're putting down, we're diffusing into
00:35:27.704 --> 00:35:31.113
the wafer only in certain areas
00:35:31.113 --> 00:35:33.226
specifically points where we need stuff
00:35:33.226 --> 00:35:38.635
to be done, maybe you have a nest or you
00:35:38.635 --> 00:35:40.444
definitely have some engineering
00:35:40.444 --> 00:35:42.575
diagrams of what parts of that wafer
00:35:42.575 --> 00:35:45.877
need this diffusioned material. Thought
00:35:45.877 --> 00:35:46.627
process.
00:35:46.627 --> 00:35:47.934
So at that point if you're using
00:35:47.934 --> 00:35:50.590
something that takes the thinking of
00:35:50.590 --> 00:35:53.447
selective diffusion and the planning,
00:35:53.447 --> 00:35:55.838
then now we'll go to 8541. And I'm sure
00:35:55.838 --> 00:35:58.760
there are other processes that are a lot
00:35:58.760 --> 00:36:00.763
more technical than just saying, yes,
00:36:00.763 --> 00:36:05.982
we put a uniform layer of an epitaxial
00:36:05.982 --> 00:36:06.604
uniform layer.
00:36:06.604 --> 00:36:09.380
So if it's a uniform layer,
00:36:09.380 --> 00:36:13.056
epitaxial layer it stays? 3818 if you
00:36:13.056 --> 00:36:15.971
start to do something more difficult,
00:36:15.971 --> 00:36:18.040
like selective diffusion, now we're
00:36:18.040 --> 00:36:25.939
looking at 8541 .
00:36:25.939 --> 00:36:29.421
Okay. That's it for 3818. As far as
00:36:29.421 --> 00:36:31.300
I know. Like I said, I don't have a lot
00:36:31.300 --> 00:36:34.110
to draw from.
00:36:34.110 --> 00:36:37.680
Recently I did have a ruling and I
00:36:37.680 --> 00:36:42.466
worked with my fellow chemical NISs who
00:36:42.466 --> 00:36:44.606
helped me a great deal in weeding
00:36:44.606 --> 00:36:45.260
through the electrical components. There
00:36:45.260 --> 00:36:48.303
were two rods. A positive rod and a
00:36:48.303 --> 00:36:49.734
negative rod. And they were going to
00:36:49.734 --> 00:36:52.101
use it in some sort of machine, which
00:36:52.101 --> 00:36:56.145
alerted the chemical NISs that maybe
00:36:56.145 --> 00:36:58.006
they needed to talk to me as much as
00:36:58.006 --> 00:36:59.000
they may hate that.
00:36:59.000 --> 00:37:01.522
And we started to look into it. And
00:37:01.522 --> 00:37:02.764
what they were -- these are the
00:37:02.764 --> 00:37:04.388
questions I had to ask.
00:37:04.388 --> 00:37:09.254
They gave me -- who does doesn't
00:37:09.254 --> 00:37:11.258
with chemicals -- chemical formulas this
00:37:11.258 --> 00:37:13.294
con tainsz 5%, this, this, okay --
00:37:13.294 --> 00:37:15.037
contains, okay.
00:37:15.037 --> 00:37:16.590
This is a basic question, is this a
00:37:16.590 --> 00:37:19.344
compound please tell me which elements
00:37:19.344 --> 00:37:20.661
formed the compound.
00:37:20.661 --> 00:37:23.220
Which elements are used as the
00:37:23.220 --> 00:37:26.139
dopant. How much of the dopant? Why
00:37:26.139 --> 00:37:28.984
are you adding the dopant? Will this
00:37:28.984 --> 00:37:31.245
work without the dopant? Where are you
00:37:31.245 --> 00:37:33.630
using? So really basic questions. They
00:37:33.630 --> 00:37:35.188
came back. They were great, they came
00:37:35.188 --> 00:37:37.104
back and spelled out because for some
00:37:37.104 --> 00:37:39.463
reason if I say silicon dioxide or
00:37:39.463 --> 00:37:42.314
something they reverse it and now
00:37:42.314 --> 00:37:44.962
dioxide is silicon -- they spelled out
00:37:44.962 --> 00:37:47.012
the exact elements to form the
00:37:47.012 --> 00:37:50.125
compound.
00:37:50.125 --> 00:37:52.214
Then they spelled out which other
00:37:52.214 --> 00:37:54.295
element formed the dopant. It's a
00:37:54.295 --> 00:37:55.894
learning process. And I thank them for
00:37:55.894 --> 00:38:02.265
getting back to me in such detail.
00:38:02.265 --> 00:38:04.642
But that's all I have for that right
00:38:04.642 --> 00:38:06.065
now just to let you know there's a
00:38:06.065 --> 00:38:08.570
heading out there called Heading 3818
00:38:08.570 --> 00:38:10.582
where you have an element or you have
00:38:10.582 --> 00:38:13.143
compounds that if they are doped if
00:38:13.143 --> 00:38:14.153
somebody messed with them because they
00:38:14.153 --> 00:38:15.901
are going to use them in electronics,
00:38:15.901 --> 00:38:19.034
we might have to classify it in 3818 as
00:38:19.034 --> 00:38:23.311
opposed to based on its chemical
00:38:23.311 --> 00:38:25.229
composition, which I assume the chemical
00:38:25.229 --> 00:38:30.268
people do. Depending on weight -- I have
00:38:30.268 --> 00:38:35.242
no idea.
00:38:35.242 --> 00:38:37.774
And the N/N junction I think we
00:38:37.774 --> 00:38:38.858
covered enough positive and negative
00:38:38.858 --> 00:38:41.526
it's a point in the manufacturing
00:38:41.526 --> 00:38:43.368
process where electrons start to move.
00:38:43.368 --> 00:38:45.544
And that's the point they pick to say
00:38:45.544 --> 00:38:49.142
these are subject to various dumping
00:38:49.142 --> 00:38:50.619
and stuff.
00:38:50.619 --> 00:38:56.346
And they use it in the new notes
00:38:56.346 --> 00:38:59.539
Chapter 85 to the P/N junctions.
00:38:59.539 --> 00:39:01.558
So I also wanted to talk about
00:39:01.558 --> 00:39:03.819
Heading 8534 which deals with printed
00:39:03.819 --> 00:39:05.414
circuits.
00:39:05.414 --> 00:39:11.024
So what this picture is, this is a
00:39:11.024 --> 00:39:14.299
printed circuit
00:39:14.299 --> 00:39:14.987
Board.
00:39:14.987 --> 00:39:16.903
Which is different from us from
00:39:16.903 --> 00:39:18.789
saying a printed circuit board
00:39:18.789 --> 00:39:19.220
assembly.
00:39:19.220 --> 00:39:22.466
Once we say assembly, we're talking
00:39:22.466 --> 00:39:28.024
about this board populated with CPUs,
00:39:28.024 --> 00:39:31.114
memory, diodes, triodes, connectors,
00:39:31.114 --> 00:39:31.737
whatever.
00:39:31.737 --> 00:39:34.563
This right now, this picture is a
00:39:34.563 --> 00:39:36.389
bare board.
00:39:36.389 --> 00:39:39.376
It's green. Wax type of cardboardy
00:39:39.376 --> 00:39:40.200
plastic paper.
00:39:40.200 --> 00:39:44.561
That they used a printing process to
00:39:44.561 --> 00:39:46.857
draw lines and connecting points.
00:39:46.857 --> 00:39:49.540
So the lines, they are just wires,
00:39:49.540 --> 00:39:52.030
this is the way they make solid state
00:39:52.030 --> 00:39:52.632
stuff.
00:39:52.632 --> 00:39:54.795
They do away with the loose wire and
00:39:54.795 --> 00:39:59.946
they draw a wire conduit on the printed
00:39:59.946 --> 00:40:02.451
circuit on this insolated board.
00:40:02.451 --> 00:40:06.885
This board is nothing but pathways
00:40:06.885 --> 00:40:10.062
and points of mounting points and
00:40:10.062 --> 00:40:12.196
pathways for electrical elements such as
00:40:12.196 --> 00:40:13.338
circuit -- integrated circuits and
00:40:13.338 --> 00:40:14.609
such.
00:40:14.609 --> 00:40:18.563
I just wanted to talk about 8534
00:40:18.563 --> 00:40:19.942
because it does talk about things of
00:40:19.942 --> 00:40:24.288
8541. Such as active elements, it talks
00:40:24.288 --> 00:40:26.289
about passive elements.
00:40:26.289 --> 00:40:32.918
So in accordance to Chapter 8 of
00:40:32.918 --> 00:40:34.574
this chapter this heading covers the
00:40:34.574 --> 00:40:36.760
circuits which are made by forming on an
00:40:36.760 --> 00:40:39.886
insulation base by any printing process
00:40:39.886 --> 00:40:41.252
there's several there's conventional
00:40:41.252 --> 00:40:45.210
printing, embossing, plating up, etching
00:40:45.210 --> 00:40:48.110
if the question came up I would have to
00:40:48.110 --> 00:40:50.654
Google each one of the terms about every
00:40:50.654 --> 00:40:52.998
time the question came up so the
00:40:52.998 --> 00:40:53.910
conductor elements which essentially is
00:40:53.910 --> 00:40:56.542
wiring, contacts and other printed
00:40:56.542 --> 00:40:59.836
components such as inductance, resistors
00:40:59.836 --> 00:41:04.399
and capacitors and this and this note
00:41:04.399 --> 00:41:06.178
calls those elements passive elements.
00:41:06.178 --> 00:41:09.189
It also does in the chapter notes.
00:41:09.189 --> 00:41:11.314
So when we get challenged as to,
00:41:11.314 --> 00:41:13.137
well, what's your definition of a
00:41:13.137 --> 00:41:16.156
passive element, this is one of the
00:41:16.156 --> 00:41:18.259
places we call it from. Because I've
00:41:18.259 --> 00:41:19.700
had discussions with people about whether
00:41:19.700 --> 00:41:23.228
or not a diode is an active element or
00:41:23.228 --> 00:41:24.784
a passive element.
00:41:24.784 --> 00:41:29.681
And despite how the industry or a
00:41:29.681 --> 00:41:32.449
particular industry may view it, we have
00:41:32.449 --> 00:41:35.694
to go by chapter notes which talk about
00:41:35.694 --> 00:41:40.334
this. And I hope I haven't -- I have
00:41:40.334 --> 00:41:41.479
hopefully in subsequent slides but this
00:41:41.479 --> 00:41:43.222
is one place I would pull up a
00:41:43.222 --> 00:41:44.629
definition right here in the notes to
00:41:44.629 --> 00:41:48.860
8534 it tells me that inductorsers --
00:41:48.860 --> 00:41:51.176
inductance resistors and capacitors are
00:41:51.176 --> 00:41:52.662
passive elements and they are allowed to
00:41:52.662 --> 00:41:54.879
be on the circuit board as long as they
00:41:54.879 --> 00:41:56.865
are printed. So the printing process
00:41:56.865 --> 00:41:58.327
not only draws little lines that are
00:41:58.327 --> 00:42:00.616
wires, it can also print somehow
00:42:00.616 --> 00:42:03.305
through magic an inductor. It can print
00:42:03.305 --> 00:42:05.744
a resistor. And it can print a
00:42:05.744 --> 00:42:08.145
capacitor. How? Don't ask me. But it
00:42:08.145 --> 00:42:09.082
can.
00:42:09.082 --> 00:42:11.501
That is different than going to the
00:42:11.501 --> 00:42:14.040
store, Radio Shack, and buying a
00:42:14.040 --> 00:42:17.668
capacitor, a resistor and capacitor. If
00:42:17.668 --> 00:42:19.737
you did that and took it home and
00:42:19.737 --> 00:42:21.832
mounted it on this board, then it
00:42:21.832 --> 00:42:24.672
wouldn't go into 8534. You can't have
00:42:24.672 --> 00:42:28.191
non-printed thingumajigs on your board.
00:42:28.191 --> 00:42:29.716
Other than connectors. And we'll
00:42:29.716 --> 00:42:30.765
get to that.
00:42:30.765 --> 00:42:34.813
So you can have printed inductors,
00:42:34.813 --> 00:42:36.688
resistors, capacitors, passive
00:42:36.688 --> 00:42:38.847
elements. You cannot have elements
00:42:38.847 --> 00:42:41.949
which can produce, rectify, detect,
00:42:41.949 --> 00:42:44.054
modulate or amplify electric signals
00:42:44.054 --> 00:42:47.022
such as diodes, triodes or other active
00:42:47.022 --> 00:42:47.612
elements.
00:42:47.612 --> 00:42:49.236
So now this is one point where they
00:42:49.236 --> 00:42:51.180
are telling us, they are giving us a
00:42:51.180 --> 00:42:53.514
definition of active element. Here they
00:42:53.514 --> 00:42:55.101
have listed diode.
00:42:55.101 --> 00:42:56.969
So I did have a disagreement with
00:42:56.969 --> 00:42:58.843
somebody at one point who wanted to make
00:42:58.843 --> 00:43:01.828
a diode passive. And I don't know. I
00:43:01.828 --> 00:43:03.594
can't because this in the chapter notes
00:43:03.594 --> 00:43:05.320
tell me that diodes are active
00:43:05.320 --> 00:43:06.263
elements.
00:43:06.263 --> 00:43:08.704
Here is where sometimes we get our
00:43:08.704 --> 00:43:10.742
definitions right from the tariff and
00:43:10.742 --> 00:43:11.588
the chapter notes.
00:43:11.588 --> 00:43:15.250
This happens to be the (inaudible)
00:43:15.250 --> 00:43:17.402
but it's the same language.
00:43:17.402 --> 00:43:23.300
And there's an established pattern
00:43:23.300 --> 00:43:25.307
on this board.
00:43:25.307 --> 00:43:28.305
So some electrical engineer went out
00:43:28.305 --> 00:43:30.008
and knows exactly in the right corner
00:43:30.008 --> 00:43:32.002
I'm going to have a CPU mounted. And
00:43:32.002 --> 00:43:35.571
that has to talk to the RAM memory
00:43:35.571 --> 00:43:37.072
that's down in the lower left hand
00:43:37.072 --> 00:43:39.431
corner so I need to draw a printed
00:43:39.431 --> 00:43:42.658
circuit that goes from Point A to Point
00:43:42.658 --> 00:43:44.804
B so they can interface with each
00:43:44.804 --> 00:43:46.053
other.
00:43:46.053 --> 00:43:50.217
The insulation base is generally
00:43:50.217 --> 00:43:52.172
made flat but it could also be in the
00:43:52.172 --> 00:43:57.175
shape of a cylinder, a truncated cone, et
00:43:57.175 --> 00:43:57.806
cetera.
00:43:57.806 --> 00:44:02.497
It can be one side or both sides.
00:44:02.497 --> 00:44:04.542
It can be assembled on multiple
00:44:04.542 --> 00:44:06.325
layers and interconnected.
00:44:06.325 --> 00:44:08.360
But again, what we're talking about
00:44:08.360 --> 00:44:12.475
for 8534 is a blank, bare board.
00:44:12.475 --> 00:44:16.627
Besides the printing, common
00:44:16.627 --> 00:44:19.263
printing method, you can also use a thin
00:44:19.263 --> 00:44:23.311
or thick film circuit method.
00:44:23.311 --> 00:44:25.263
The heading also covers thin or
00:44:25.263 --> 00:44:27.870
thick film circuits consisting solely of
00:44:27.870 --> 00:44:29.420
passive elements so again they can make
00:44:29.420 --> 00:44:32.008
inductors and capacitors as they are
00:44:32.008 --> 00:44:33.776
making these wiring paths.
00:44:33.776 --> 00:44:36.407
Everything has to be printed.
00:44:36.407 --> 00:44:40.492
And thin film they form by
00:44:40.492 --> 00:44:44.014
depositing on glass or ceramic plates a
00:44:44.014 --> 00:44:47.343
specific pattern of a metallic or
00:44:47.343 --> 00:44:52.356
dielectric film by vacuum vapor, cathode
00:44:52.356 --> 00:44:56.085
sputtering or chemical methods. It's a
00:44:56.085 --> 00:44:58.843
very thin layer they put it in a vacuum
00:44:58.843 --> 00:45:00.677
chamber and using heat, chemicals,
00:45:00.677 --> 00:45:03.510
sputtering, God knows what else, they
00:45:03.510 --> 00:45:05.670
make this thin, thin film that coats in a
00:45:05.670 --> 00:45:08.267
pattern. A specific pattern.
00:45:08.267 --> 00:45:11.123
Or they can do the more sloppy
00:45:11.123 --> 00:45:12.652
version the thick film circuits which is
00:45:12.652 --> 00:45:15.446
like a screen printing onto a ceramic
00:45:15.446 --> 00:45:17.943
plate of a certain pattern it has to be
00:45:17.943 --> 00:45:21.500
a faern. You can't just -- it has to be
00:45:21.500 --> 00:45:24.218
a pattern you can't take an insulating
00:45:24.218 --> 00:45:26.186
base coat entity with copper and say
00:45:26.186 --> 00:45:30.626
it's a printed circuit it has to be a
00:45:30.626 --> 00:45:33.402
pattern. If it -- the plates are then
00:45:33.402 --> 00:45:37.544
furnace fired if it came around my desk
00:45:37.544 --> 00:45:40.125
I would Google it and go down a rabbit
00:45:40.125 --> 00:45:41.475
hole of research but this is very
00:45:41.475 --> 00:45:43.606
general and I hope you get the gist of
00:45:43.606 --> 00:45:47.045
it. These printed circuits may have
00:45:47.045 --> 00:45:48.882
holes or fitted with non-printed
00:45:48.882 --> 00:45:52.917
connecting elements so forth and so on.
00:45:52.917 --> 00:45:58.470
Okay. The printed circuits may be
00:45:58.470 --> 00:46:00.280
provided with holes or fitted with
00:46:00.280 --> 00:46:02.445
non-printed connecting elements either
00:46:02.445 --> 00:46:03.708
for mounting mechanical elements or for
00:46:03.708 --> 00:46:05.238
the connection of electrical components
00:46:05.238 --> 00:46:06.720
not obtained during the printing
00:46:06.720 --> 00:46:07.623
process.
00:46:07.623 --> 00:46:09.778
Film circuits are generally supplied
00:46:09.778 --> 00:46:12.645
in metallic, ceramic, plastic capsules
00:46:12.645 --> 00:46:15.612
which are fitted with connectors. So the
00:46:15.612 --> 00:46:17.818
printed circuit can have non-printed
00:46:17.818 --> 00:46:19.150
connecting elements.
00:46:19.150 --> 00:46:21.548
A connector can have a connector
00:46:21.548 --> 00:46:24.520
that they bought at Radio Shack and put
00:46:24.520 --> 00:46:26.214
onto it they can have a mounting port I
00:46:26.214 --> 00:46:27.838
don't know if you've ever opened a
00:46:27.838 --> 00:46:29.720
computer and you saw where the sound
00:46:29.720 --> 00:46:32.646
card fit in. So it's a little type of
00:46:32.646 --> 00:46:35.296
connector. You snap in a card. It can
00:46:35.296 --> 00:46:36.980
have that type of connector. It doesn't
00:46:36.980 --> 00:46:38.758
have to be printed. But connectors are
00:46:38.758 --> 00:46:40.251
really the only thing that can be on
00:46:40.251 --> 00:46:46.399
this board that's not printed.
00:46:46.399 --> 00:46:48.186
Individual passive components such
00:46:48.186 --> 00:46:51.375
as inductors, capacitors and resistors
00:46:51.375 --> 00:46:53.804
that are made by a printing process are
00:46:53.804 --> 00:46:55.546
not regarded as a printed circuit of this
00:46:55.546 --> 00:46:57.894
heading. And are classed in their own
00:46:57.894 --> 00:46:58.579
heading.
00:46:58.579 --> 00:47:03.321
So they are talking about using a
00:47:03.321 --> 00:47:05.505
printing process just to make the
00:47:05.505 --> 00:47:05.956
capacitor.
00:47:05.956 --> 00:47:07.889
As opposed to using a printed
00:47:07.889 --> 00:47:11.094
process to make a printed circuit and at
00:47:11.094 --> 00:47:14.085
the same time incorporate a capacitor
00:47:14.085 --> 00:47:15.838
in that printed circuit using a printing
00:47:15.838 --> 00:47:16.241
process.
00:47:16.241 --> 00:47:20.997
This is talking about an individual,
00:47:20.997 --> 00:47:22.650
discrete printed capacitor or inductor
00:47:22.650 --> 00:47:24.679
or resistor. That's not this heading.
00:47:24.679 --> 00:47:27.217
Into will go in their own headings, 8504,
00:47:27.217 --> 00:47:31.207
16, 32, 33.
00:47:31.207 --> 00:47:33.184
Circuits on which mechanical
00:47:33.184 --> 00:47:34.054
elements or electrical components have
00:47:34.054 --> 00:47:36.064
been mounted or connected are not
00:47:36.064 --> 00:47:38.534
regarded as printed circuits within the
00:47:38.534 --> 00:47:42.012
meaning of this heading. Generally,
00:47:42.012 --> 00:47:43.844
now, generally means not all the time.
00:47:43.844 --> 00:47:47.469
But generally they fall to be classified
00:47:47.469 --> 00:47:51.554
in accordance with Note 2 to Section 16
00:47:51.554 --> 00:47:54.807
or Note 2 to Chapter 90 as the case may
00:47:54.807 --> 00:47:57.602
be . What's that -- what that's saying
00:47:57.602 --> 00:47:59.754
is once we have the bare board you might
00:47:59.754 --> 00:48:01.225
have connectors you bought at Radio
00:48:01.225 --> 00:48:06.106
Shack or not once you start mounting
00:48:06.106 --> 00:48:07.498
mechanical elements, I'm not sure what
00:48:07.498 --> 00:48:09.473
that might be, mechanical or electrical
00:48:09.473 --> 00:48:12.035
components you start mounting to the
00:48:12.035 --> 00:48:15.214
board your CPU, your RAM, random access
00:48:15.214 --> 00:48:19.034
memory, your diodes that you bought from
00:48:19.034 --> 00:48:20.749
Radio Shack your triodes, once it's
00:48:20.749 --> 00:48:22.985
populated, we call that a populated
00:48:22.985 --> 00:48:24.796
board. Now we went from having a printed
00:48:24.796 --> 00:48:26.940
circuit board once you put this stuff
00:48:26.940 --> 00:48:29.308
on it, it's a printed circuit board
00:48:29.308 --> 00:48:31.757
assembly is what we're talking about.
00:48:31.757 --> 00:48:34.288
So that does not get classified in
00:48:34.288 --> 00:48:37.595
8534. Where does a printed circuit
00:48:37.595 --> 00:48:39.735
board assembly get classified?
00:48:39.735 --> 00:48:45.548
Well, at first blush we like to say
00:48:45.548 --> 00:48:48.618
you look at this as an unfinished
00:48:48.618 --> 00:48:50.405
thingumajig it goes in a big machine
00:48:50.405 --> 00:48:52.782
here by God it's a part.
00:48:52.782 --> 00:48:54.941
Well, yes, in a real world, it is a
00:48:54.941 --> 00:48:55.527
35R9.
00:48:55.527 --> 00:48:58.184
But we have rules about how to
00:48:58.184 --> 00:48:59.796
classify -- it is a part. But we have
00:48:59.796 --> 00:49:02.008
rules about how to classify parts . And
00:49:02.008 --> 00:49:05.882
our rules the Chapter 85, 84 and Chapter
00:49:05.882 --> 00:49:12.332
90 people, 84 and 85, we use Note 2 to
00:49:12.332 --> 00:49:15.553
Section XVI tells us how to classify a
00:49:15.553 --> 00:49:16.652
part once we all agree this thing is a
00:49:16.652 --> 00:49:20.210
part we don't just classify it as a part
00:49:20.210 --> 00:49:23.338
now we go to Note 2 and read up on well I
00:49:23.338 --> 00:49:25.548
have a part how do I classify it. And
00:49:25.548 --> 00:49:28.204
in paraphrasing, that note, what it says
00:49:28.204 --> 00:49:34.650
is, yes, if that part is covered as a
00:49:34.650 --> 00:49:36.446
good -- in one of the headings of Chapter
00:49:36.446 --> 00:49:40.810
85, 84, then it's classified as that
00:49:40.810 --> 00:49:43.208
good. What it means is a good is not a
00:49:43.208 --> 00:49:45.805
part Chiquita, a good is a thing in and
00:49:45.805 --> 00:49:46.555
of itself.
00:49:46.555 --> 00:49:49.655
The wording is contusing. But they
00:49:49.655 --> 00:49:52.361
are talking about a good of 8541, they
00:49:52.361 --> 00:49:56.885
are talking not about a part of 8541.
00:49:56.885 --> 00:49:58.690
So if you had a printed circuit
00:49:58.690 --> 00:50:00.592
board assembly that was the power supply
00:50:00.592 --> 00:50:03.678
to your computer, you can do nothing
00:50:03.678 --> 00:50:05.459
unless you stick it in your computer so
00:50:05.459 --> 00:50:07.059
it's a part of a computer.
00:50:07.059 --> 00:50:10.838
But now using this note, you realize
00:50:10.838 --> 00:50:12.910
that this power supply, which is all
00:50:12.910 --> 00:50:16.912
probably, I don't know, an inverter or a
00:50:16.912 --> 00:50:18.666
rectifyer type of thingumajig, there's a
00:50:18.666 --> 00:50:24.106
place for that in 8504 so this printed
00:50:24.106 --> 00:50:26.488
circuit board as a part is going to be
00:50:26.488 --> 00:50:29.836
class Deaf in Heading 8504 if Mr.
00:50:29.836 --> 00:50:33.456
Mooseburger agrees. As a good in 8504
00:50:33.456 --> 00:50:36.326
it's not going to be classified as a part
00:50:36.326 --> 00:50:37.885
of a computer because there's a place
00:50:37.885 --> 00:50:40.188
for it. So just because you have a
00:50:40.188 --> 00:50:42.653
part, don't get all crazy and go classify
00:50:42.653 --> 00:50:49.314
things as a part. Note 2 and I believe
00:50:49.314 --> 00:50:52.514
it's an additional U.S. Note 3 maybe
00:50:52.514 --> 00:50:54.328
also talks about parts and says a
00:50:54.328 --> 00:50:55.610
provision for parts and parts and
00:50:55.610 --> 00:50:59.484
accessories is not more specific than a
00:50:59.484 --> 00:51:04.270
provision for the item itself. So the
00:51:04.270 --> 00:51:09.864
two notes can work in conjunction. In
00:51:09.864 --> 00:51:12.587
my eyes what we do is classify not as a
00:51:12.587 --> 00:51:14.221
part first you try to find out the
00:51:14.221 --> 00:51:17.084
function if the function is to rectify
00:51:17.084 --> 00:51:20.045
power it should be 8504 as a rectifyer.
00:51:20.045 --> 00:51:22.708
That's what that is about. A printed
00:51:22.708 --> 00:51:24.730
circuit board assembly we try to
00:51:24.730 --> 00:51:26.955
classify it under its function if it has
00:51:26.955 --> 00:51:30.082
one. If not then it falls into a part
00:51:30.082 --> 00:51:33.614
somewhere. Part of the machine. Or we
00:51:33.614 --> 00:51:35.379
have parts headings. But we won't get
00:51:35.379 --> 00:51:36.871
into that.
00:51:36.871 --> 00:51:43.231

00:51:43.231 --> 00:51:46.488
So again, Chapter 825 Note 8 talks
00:51:46.488 --> 00:51:49.138
-- Chapter 85 Note 8 talks about Heading
00:51:49.138 --> 00:51:51.291
8534.
00:51:51.291 --> 00:51:55.561
Printed circuits, same thing.
00:51:55.561 --> 00:51:56.647
Talks to elements.
00:51:56.647 --> 00:51:59.692
Okay. Excludes elements, yeah,
00:51:59.692 --> 00:52:04.751
elements which can produce, rectify,
00:52:04.751 --> 00:52:05.810
amplify, examples semiconductor
00:52:05.810 --> 00:52:07.409
elements, active elements. So it's
00:52:07.409 --> 00:52:09.600
telling us here that semiconductor
00:52:09.600 --> 00:52:13.482
elements of 8541 and 8542 that's where
00:52:13.482 --> 00:52:15.007
they go are active elements.
00:52:15.007 --> 00:52:19.226
So capacitors and inductors, those
00:52:19.226 --> 00:52:22.283
are passive.
00:52:22.283 --> 00:52:26.088
Diodes and such are active elements.
00:52:26.088 --> 00:52:26.626

00:52:26.626 --> 00:52:32.642
Printed circuits does not cover
00:52:32.642 --> 00:52:34.010
circuits combined with elements I think
00:52:34.010 --> 00:52:35.840
we've been through that it can't have
00:52:35.840 --> 00:52:37.260
stuff on it other than those obtained
00:52:37.260 --> 00:52:39.914
during the printing process which are
00:52:39.914 --> 00:52:41.795
passive elements by default I don't know
00:52:41.795 --> 00:52:43.790
if you can print an active element. If
00:52:43.790 --> 00:52:46.866
you can, it's no good.
00:52:46.866 --> 00:52:49.744
Nor does it cover discrete resistors,
00:52:49.744 --> 00:52:51.673
capacitors or inductances.
00:52:51.673 --> 00:52:54.476
So you can't have dis-- discrete
00:52:54.476 --> 00:52:55.900
means separately produced those are the
00:52:55.900 --> 00:52:58.782
things -- the little things you can go
00:52:58.782 --> 00:53:00.286
to Radio Shack and buy it can't have
00:53:00.286 --> 00:53:01.860
anything like that, everything has to be
00:53:01.860 --> 00:53:05.569
done during the printed process, however
00:53:05.569 --> 00:53:08.670
you can have non-printed connecting
00:53:08.670 --> 00:53:10.084
elements.
00:53:10.084 --> 00:53:14.611
So the point of me bringing up 8534
00:53:14.611 --> 00:53:17.017
just to let you know, it makes reference
00:53:17.017 --> 00:53:21.246
to printing processes of various types.
00:53:21.246 --> 00:53:23.836
And now on Chapter 85 if you're looking
00:53:23.836 --> 00:53:25.911
at semiconductor manufacturing, there's a
00:53:25.911 --> 00:53:28.178
portion I believe maybe under 84 which
00:53:28.178 --> 00:53:31.648
talks about the machines used to create
00:53:31.648 --> 00:53:36.473
semiconductor things.
00:53:36.473 --> 00:53:38.304
It gives great examples of the types
00:53:38.304 --> 00:53:39.314
of machines used in the manufacturing
00:53:39.314 --> 00:53:40.988
process so if you're looking for more
00:53:40.988 --> 00:53:45.634
definitions or a starting point you may
00:53:45.634 --> 00:53:47.148
not believe sometimes we get rulings and
00:53:47.148 --> 00:53:48.150
questions about a product we have never
00:53:48.150 --> 00:53:50.814
heard of. We don't know where it is or
00:53:50.814 --> 00:53:58.652
how it's used or where it came from. We
00:53:58.652 --> 00:54:00.372
don't know what questions to ask yet so
00:54:00.372 --> 00:54:02.954
if we in this case goes to Chapter 84 or
00:54:02.954 --> 00:54:06.035
85 learning about the different types of
00:54:06.035 --> 00:54:07.525
various machines you can learn about
00:54:07.525 --> 00:54:09.170
these machines in semiconductor
00:54:09.170 --> 00:54:10.530
manufacturing the terms, definitions
00:54:10.530 --> 00:54:12.479
then you take that and go out to Google
00:54:12.479 --> 00:54:14.457
and start to do some research.
00:54:14.457 --> 00:54:16.024
That's what I was trying to point
00:54:16.024 --> 00:54:19.190
out where you start to get a knowledge
00:54:19.190 --> 00:54:22.151
just so you know what questions to ask.
00:54:22.151 --> 00:54:25.112
8534 makes reference to a printing
00:54:25.112 --> 00:54:26.991
process. It makes reference to
00:54:26.991 --> 00:54:28.582
conductor elements or contacts. It
00:54:28.582 --> 00:54:30.944
talks about passive elements, active
00:54:30.944 --> 00:54:33.180
elements, thick or thin film and basic
00:54:33.180 --> 00:54:35.091
examples of each.
00:54:35.091 --> 00:54:39.602
So just quickly here are some
00:54:39.602 --> 00:54:42.035
pictures. This item is an insulating
00:54:42.035 --> 00:54:44.492
board containing conductive element
00:54:44.492 --> 00:54:48.068
tracks for circuit elements.
00:54:48.068 --> 00:54:50.276
They are printed on. It's known as
00:54:50.276 --> 00:54:54.669
a substrate or a bad boy. It means --
00:54:54.669 --> 00:54:56.070
or a bare board it means the definition
00:54:56.070 --> 00:55:00.345
of 8534 meets a printed circuit board a
00:55:00.345 --> 00:55:02.820
bare bunch of wires on a board .
00:55:02.820 --> 00:55:05.972
This is the best picture I can get of
00:55:05.972 --> 00:55:08.530
I think is thick film technology. It's
00:55:08.530 --> 00:55:11.170
a ceramic substrate where they use thick
00:55:11.170 --> 00:55:14.757
Film-Tech neex and a mask and they had a
00:55:14.757 --> 00:55:16.997
pattern and they took a big paintbrush
00:55:16.997 --> 00:55:19.264
and they globbed on this thick film
00:55:19.264 --> 00:55:21.085
stuff and created those pathways and
00:55:21.085 --> 00:55:23.137
they created thick film resistors at the
00:55:23.137 --> 00:55:28.051
same time.
00:55:28.051 --> 00:55:29.454
Assuming this picture is what I say
00:55:29.454 --> 00:55:31.602
it is, that's what it is, so you can
00:55:31.602 --> 00:55:33.386
make thick film resistors during this
00:55:33.386 --> 00:55:35.893
process and this would still be 8534.
00:55:35.893 --> 00:55:42.235
This is an example of thick film.
00:55:42.235 --> 00:55:44.447
Those boards we're going to 8534.
00:55:44.447 --> 00:55:45.892
This board would not because this is a
00:55:45.892 --> 00:55:48.566
populated board or printed circuit board
00:55:48.566 --> 00:55:49.966
assembly assembly meaning there's a
00:55:49.966 --> 00:55:51.541
bunch of stuff on it.
00:55:51.541 --> 00:55:53.738
A separately produced CPU a
00:55:53.738 --> 00:55:56.498
separately produced RAM a separately
00:55:56.498 --> 00:55:59.745
produced capacitors those are, those are
00:55:59.745 --> 00:56:00.910
little switches that are on there,
00:56:00.910 --> 00:56:02.063
there's a transistor.
00:56:02.063 --> 00:56:04.158
Somebody went to Radio Shack bought
00:56:04.158 --> 00:56:06.788
a bunch of parts and mounted it to this
00:56:06.788 --> 00:56:09.430
board this is now printed circuit board
00:56:09.430 --> 00:56:13.316
assembly and classified on based Note 2
00:56:13.316 --> 00:56:15.480
Section 16 that talks about part because
00:56:15.480 --> 00:56:16.866
at first blush this is a part this is
00:56:16.866 --> 00:56:19.792
going to be in a machine yes but what's
00:56:19.792 --> 00:56:22.885
its function is a a -- is it a trans
00:56:22.885 --> 00:56:24.864
mister or Juan or Liane board you're
00:56:24.864 --> 00:56:28.878
putting in your -- WAN or L AN board in
00:56:28.878 --> 00:56:32.914
your computer yes but if it's WAN or L
00:56:32.914 --> 00:56:35.531
AN probably 8517 as part of a computer
00:56:35.531 --> 00:56:37.620
before making it a part. Additional
00:56:37.620 --> 00:56:43.555
U.S. Note 1 .
00:56:43.555 --> 00:56:44.979
Additional U.S. Note 1 for the
00:56:44.979 --> 00:56:46.567
purposes of this section the term printed
00:56:46.567 --> 00:56:48.626
circuit assembly means goods consisting
00:56:48.626 --> 00:56:51.958
of one or more printed circuits of 8534
00:56:51.958 --> 00:56:53.349
with one or more active elements
00:56:53.349 --> 00:56:55.820
assembled thereon with or without
00:56:55.820 --> 00:56:56.717
passive elements.
00:56:56.717 --> 00:56:58.956
For the purpose of this note, active
00:56:58.956 --> 00:57:02.550
elements means diodes, transistors,
00:57:02.550 --> 00:57:04.039
semiconductor devices, diodes,
00:57:04.039 --> 00:57:08.598
transistors, and similar semiconductor
00:57:08.598 --> 00:57:11.223
-- similar semiconductor devices whether
00:57:11.223 --> 00:57:14.221
or not photosensitive of Heading 8541
00:57:14.221 --> 00:57:17.481
and integrated circuits of Heading 8542
00:57:17.481 --> 00:57:19.739
so this additional U.S. note to Chapter
00:57:19.739 --> 00:57:21.986
85 I assume I wish I would have put that
00:57:21.986 --> 00:57:24.335
down is giving us a definition of active
00:57:24.335 --> 00:57:26.240
elements and telling us where they go.
00:57:26.240 --> 00:57:28.321
It's telling us active elements of
00:57:28.321 --> 00:57:32.638
diodes transistors and telling us 854 is
00:57:32.638 --> 00:57:34.024
the place for active elements as well as
00:57:34.024 --> 00:57:38.029
8542 . And 8541. So again this would be
00:57:38.029 --> 00:57:40.500
a definition we would cite if we
00:57:40.500 --> 00:57:44.002
disagreed with somebody on the outside
00:57:44.002 --> 00:57:45.087
or internally about whether or not a
00:57:45.087 --> 00:57:48.332
diode or transistor is an active
00:57:48.332 --> 00:57:48.395
element.
00:57:48.395 --> 00:57:49.982
Here are some beautiful pictures I
00:57:49.982 --> 00:57:52.023
was able to get from Google because they
00:57:52.023 --> 00:57:53.083
were public domain.
00:57:53.083 --> 00:57:56.101
This is a discrete or individually
00:57:56.101 --> 00:57:59.770
produced capacitor of Heading 8532.
00:57:59.770 --> 00:58:01.576
This is what a resistor looks like
00:58:01.576 --> 00:58:06.528
8533. Transistor of 8541. A diode of
00:58:06.528 --> 00:58:10.606
8541.
00:58:10.606 --> 00:58:12.686
Integrated circuits of 8542 are not
00:58:12.686 --> 00:58:14.053
considered discrete components.
00:58:14.053 --> 00:58:16.642
So discrete, yeah, because the word
00:58:16.642 --> 00:58:20.834
discrete is used throughout 85, discrete
00:58:20.834 --> 00:58:24.386
sort of means separately produced but it
00:58:24.386 --> 00:58:25.271
has one function.
00:58:25.271 --> 00:58:27.459
So a diode has one function. A
00:58:27.459 --> 00:58:30.326
transistor, resistor has one function.
00:58:30.326 --> 00:58:35.146
As opposed to an integrated circuit
00:58:35.146 --> 00:58:36.604
which really looks like a miniature
00:58:36.604 --> 00:58:38.200
version of this.
00:58:38.200 --> 00:58:41.571
It has a bunch of stuff on it. It
00:58:41.571 --> 00:58:43.779
does a bunch of things.
00:58:43.779 --> 00:58:45.932
So these separate things are
00:58:45.932 --> 00:58:49.080
integrated or or discrete components but
00:58:49.080 --> 00:58:51.358
when you're assembling it as an
00:58:51.358 --> 00:58:52.510
integrated circuit would be it has a lot
00:58:52.510 --> 00:58:54.677
of different -- it's not a discrete
00:58:54.677 --> 00:58:57.235
device. If that means anything.
00:58:57.235 --> 00:59:00.318
What is excluded from active
00:59:00.318 --> 00:59:02.039
elements? Printed circuits cannot
00:59:02.039 --> 00:59:03.392
contain any active elements such as
00:59:03.392 --> 00:59:05.867
diodes. We've been through that 100
00:59:05.867 --> 00:59:06.553
times.
00:59:06.553 --> 00:59:10.925
What is excluded? Can contain
00:59:10.925 --> 00:59:14.345
non-printed stuff except for contacts.
00:59:14.345 --> 00:59:15.962
That's really it. I think we're
00:59:15.962 --> 00:59:18.920
just about there.
00:59:18.920 --> 00:59:20.916
So at this point I want to thank
00:59:20.916 --> 00:59:21.487
everybody.
00:59:21.487 --> 00:59:22.929
As much as I would like to answer
00:59:22.929 --> 00:59:25.307
questions off the top of my head, as
00:59:25.307 --> 00:59:27.645
I've told you, I have limited experience
00:59:27.645 --> 00:59:31.132
with 3818. So shoot me an email. So I
00:59:31.132 --> 00:59:35.019
have the time to research and make sure
00:59:35.019 --> 00:59:37.988
I'm griing with customs position on such
00:59:37.988 --> 00:59:38.552
matters.
00:59:38.552 --> 00:59:40.200
Thank you, everybody, for tuning in.
00:59:40.200 --> 00:59:42.439
I know I ramble. I talk fast.
00:59:42.439 --> 00:59:44.271
And even I hate listening to my
00:59:44.271 --> 00:59:44.677
voice.
00:59:44.677 --> 00:59:50.991
So I appreciate you tuning in.
00:59:50.991 --> 00:59:52.769
Thank you.
00:59:52.769 --> 01:00:05.505
.
01:00:05.505 --> 01:00:06.604
>> CHRISSI GUTH: This concludes our
01:00:06.604 --> 01:00:08.576
webinar for this afternoon. If you have
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01:00:15.614 --> 01:00:16.901
Within 48 hours.
01:00:16.901 --> 01:00:18.777
This is a reminder that this webinar
01:00:18.777 --> 01:00:22.924
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01:00:22.924 --> 01:00:24.543
Thank you for joining us. And enjoy the
01:00:24.543 --> 01:00:26.391
rest of your day.