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As a campus law enforcement or public

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safety official,

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you are in a unique position to reach

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students considered vulnerable to

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exploitation and human trafficking.

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You play an important role because you

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regularly interact with the same groups

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of students

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as part of your daily job duties and

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often gain their trust.

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You may also be able to recognize when

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something is wrong in a student's life.

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What is human trafficking? It is a crime

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that involves the use of force,

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fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of

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labor or commercial sex act.

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Traffickers can use imposing of debt,

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fraudulent employment opportunities,

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false promises of love or a better life,

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psychological coercion,

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and violence or threats of violence to

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lure and control their victims.

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The crime of human trafficking hinges on

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the exploitation of another person.

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Human trafficking does not require an

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element of transportation.

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It is a crime that can be committed

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against someone who has never left their

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hometown.

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Human trafficking victims can be any age,

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race,

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gender identity, and socioeconomic class.

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In many cases, victims do not come

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forward to seek help

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because they are vulnerable, language

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barriers may exist,

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they may fear law enforcement, or they do

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not identify

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as a victim. College students

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may be particularly vulnerable to human

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trafficking for a variety of reasons,

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including: They are living away from home,

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often for the first time,

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and lack their usual social safety nets

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of friends and family;

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they may be experiencing financial

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instability with the expense of their

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education;

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they may be using alcohol or substances

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commonly found on college campuses;

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they may have an unstable immigration

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status.

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Traffickers may reach college students

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in a variety of ways,

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including: frequenting popular meeting

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places, such as bars and off-campus

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parties;

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using social media and dating apps;

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coercing their victims to lure other

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victims

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by using peer-to-peer recruitment; using

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deceptive offers of employment or

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romantic relationships;

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taking advantage of their financial

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instability.

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Knowing the indicators of human

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trafficking can help alert you to

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trafficking situations

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that may be occurring on campus. Some

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signs that could indicate a student

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may be a victim include: The student

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shows a sudden change in behavior;

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they defer to another person to speak

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for them, especially during interactions

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with authority figures;

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they suddenly have more material

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possessions, such as purses,

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clothing, or cell phones; they have

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on-campus housing but

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rarely stay in their dorm.

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Some other signs that could indicate a

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student may be a victim of human

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trafficking include:

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They have a romantic partner who is

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noticeably older;

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they may be experiencing emotional or

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physical abuse from their partner;

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they engage in unhealthy coping

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behaviors, such as drug and alcohol use;

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they seem restricted from contacting

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family or friends;

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they have a large financial debt and

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don't seem to be in control of their own

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money.

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Keep in mind no single indicator is

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proof that human trafficking is

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occurring.

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It's important to keep in mind that

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victims may be suffering from trauma due

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to their most recent or past experiences.

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Trauma can impact brain function and

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result in behaviors that may not seem to

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match the situation,

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like telling a fragmented story or

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inability to recall events

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in sequence; lack of emotion;

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feelings of detachment; laughing or

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joking inappropriately;

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erratic behavior. When responding to a

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trafficking situation, it's important to

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use a victim-centered approach.

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A victim-centered approach places the

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victim’s priorities,

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needs, and interests at the center of law

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enforcement's investigation.

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It is critical that you begin to develop

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trust and rapport with the victim

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by immediately engaging a victim

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specialist who can connect the victim to

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support services;

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taking time to explain who you are and

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answer questions they might have;

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being sensitive to cultural differences

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and using an interpreter when needed;

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conducting interviews in a neutral

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location after the victim's immediate

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needs have been met;

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being patient and giving the victim time

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to stabilize.

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For more information about recognizing

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and responding to human trafficking

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situations,

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and to access a printable guide for

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campus law enforcement and public safety

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officials,

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visit dhs.gov/bluecampaign