WEBVTT

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- [Instructor] Welcome to
the Gender-Based Violence

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Awareness course.

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This training was developed

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by the U.S. Department of
Homeland Security, DHS,

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for airport and private
aviation industry personnel.

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(gentle music)

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You just saw three
interactions at an airport.

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These kinds of interactions

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might happen dozens of times every day.

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Did you witness gender-based violence?

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How would you know?

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You interact with a
traveling public every day

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and you are in a unique
position to respond

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to self-disclosing victims
of gender-based violence.

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By the end of this
course, you will be able

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to define the concept of
gender-based violence,

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identify various forms
of gender-based violence,

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describe ways to support
gender-based violence

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victims and survivors.

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Before we begin, we'd like
to provide some information

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about the vocabulary we will use.

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You will hear several terms
throughout this video.

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For the purposes of this training,

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the term victim will be
used to describe a person

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still experiencing gender-based violence.

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The term survivor will be used to describe

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a former victim who is in
the process of recovery.

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Now let's start with basic information

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about gender-based violence.

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What is gender-based violence?

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Gender-based violence is
any harmful threat or act

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directed at an individual or group

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based on a victim's actual
or perceived biological sex,

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gender identity, gender
expression, sexual identity,

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sexual orientation, and/or other actual

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or perceived difference from social norms

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of masculinity or femininity.

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Would you guess that even a threat alone

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of a harmful act is considered
part of the dynamics

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of gender-based violence?

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It is.

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Would you think that gender-
based violence can be directed

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toward a group and not just an individual?

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It can.

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A common misconception is
that only women and girls

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are victims of gender-based violence.

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While women and girls are
disproportionately impacted

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by gender-based violence,

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the reality is that it can occur
to anyone in any population

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and to individuals of any
age, socioeconomic status,

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culture, gender identity or expression,

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sexual identity or expression, ethnicity,

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nationality, and religion.

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You might think of gender-based
violence as a physical act.

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It can also include psychological
and emotional abuse.

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In fact, gender-based violence is rooted

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in the balance of power
within a relationship.

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The physical, psychological,
and emotional elements

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of gender-based violence
are the actions driven

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by a desire to maintain 
power and control

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over another individual.

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Do you think you have
ever actually witnessed

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gender-based violence?

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How would you know if you had?

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This training opened
with several vignettes

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representing possible gender-
based violence scenarios.

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You probably had an opinion
about each vignette.

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The reality is any one of those vignettes

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could have represented
gender-based violence

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and any one of them could 
have represented

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an innocent situation.

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Your key takeaway is this.

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There is no single
definitive set of indicators

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for gender-based violence.

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There are many forms of
gender-based violence.

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One form is forced marriage.

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A forced marriage means a marriage

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to which one or both parties
do not or cannot consent.

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Forced marriage is not
an arranged marriage

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in which family may take the
lead in selecting a partner,

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but the ultimate choice to marry

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remains with the individual.

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When it comes to marriage,
consent is multifaceted

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and involves consenting
to be married at all,

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consenting to the
individual marriage partner

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and consenting to the
timing of the marriage.

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As of January 2022,

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forced marriage has no
federal legal definition

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and state laws concerning the
practice vary significantly.

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This makes education,
identification, and prevention

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of forced marriage difficult.

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Another form of gender-based violence

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is female genital mutilation or cutting,

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abbreviated as FGM/C.

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FGM/C refers to all
procedures involving partial

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or total removal of the
external female genitalia

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or other injury to the
female genital organs

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for non-medical reasons.

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These procedures can be performed

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with or without medical practitioners,

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but are often performed
outside of a medical setting

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and improper unsterile
instruments are frequently used.

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The origin of FGM/C
dates back centuries

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and is a social norm carried
out for a variety of reasons,

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including culture and tradition.

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The average age at which
this happens is 0 to 15.

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Victims are urged or even forced
to submit to the procedures

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because "every woman in
our family has submitted."

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"The procedure is rite of
passage into adulthood."

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And some communities
believe it could increase

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the girls' marriageability
in the future

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due to notions of
controlling sexuality.

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Because of the traditional
nature of this crime,

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victims may resist coming forward

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to report the activity
for fear of disappointing

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their families or communities.

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A third category of gender-based violence

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is domestic violence or
intimate partner violence.

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Domestic violence can
include psychological abuse,

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financial control, emotional
abuse, and physical violence

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that may or may not
include sexual aggression.

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Stalking is another form
of gender-based violence

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that can occur within the context

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of an intimate partner relationship,

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but it can also occur between strangers.

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By definition, stalking
is when a perpetrator

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engages in a course of conduct,

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directed at a specific person

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that would cause a reasonable person

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to fear for their safety,
or the safety of others,

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or suffer substantial
emotional distress.

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These examples—forced marriage,
female genital mutilation

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or cutting, and domestic violence—

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are just three of many forms
of gender-based violence.

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What can you do to support victims

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and survivors of gender-based violence?

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First, if you see someone
in immediate danger,

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notify law enforcement or
airport police immediately;

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otherwise, do not approach
someone you think

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might be experiencing
gender-based violence

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to offer assistance.

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Here's why.

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As shown by the vignettes
which opened this training,

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gender-based violence is nuanced

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and aviation staff's
interpretation of the situation

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could differ from reality.

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Victims may fear that your interference

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would lead to additional abuse,

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or put their abusers
and/or their family members

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at risk of punishment.

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Victims may want the abuse to stop

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but not want punitive action
against their perpetrators.

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In such cases, victims may be conflicted,

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possibly wishing to avoid
bringing attention to themselves.

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In most instances, it is 
also not advised

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to contact law enforcement

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without consent of the 
victim first.

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Victims may fear 
law enforcement

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and abusers could 
punish or retaliate

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for drawing attention
to them.

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They may believe 
that their lives

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or the lives of their children
will be in increased danger

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if there is an intervention.

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In the most 
extreme instances,

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retaliation could result
in a victim's death.

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Allowing victims to make informed
decisions in a safe space

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is the most helpful thing you can do.

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So what else can you do to help?

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There are two approaches you can take.

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The first approach is passive.

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Leave information about
available resources

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for gender-based violence in discreet,

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yet easily accessible places.

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Having the resources
available and accessible

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can help victims make informed decisions

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about their own lives and safety.

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Restrooms are places where
they may expect to be alone,

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away from their abusers.

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In the restroom they could read a poster

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or take a small card with
resource information.

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You can also work within
your aviation organization

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to raise awareness on
gender-based violence

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by sharing this training.

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The second approach is reactive.

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It depends on victims approaching you

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and identifying themselves.

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This approach lets victims decide

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whether they feel safe
enough to reach out for help.

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In such instances, you should be prepared

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to respond appropriately.

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When possible, identify a secure area

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where you can escort a victim
to discuss their needs.

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This place should be private.

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Only the self-identifying victim

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and those providing requested assistance

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should be allowed in this area.

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Some victims travel with 
their children.

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They should all be kept
together as much as possible

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in the secure location.

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Never leave children alone
in a dangerous situation

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and wait for appropriate
input from service providers

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about child placement.

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Have a list of available
resources at hand.

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First and foremost,
don't blame the victim.

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Be accepting and non-judgmental.

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Refrain from offering unsolicited advice.

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Trained service providers
are best positioned

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to render assistance,

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and victims are the most
informed about their situation.

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Understand your responsibilities
regarding confidentiality,

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know the requirements regarding
disclosing information,

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and communicate these
requirements to the victim.

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Your employer should
provide you with information

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about the data you are required
to disclose to authorities.

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To summarize, here are ways you can help.

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Prepare a list of available
resources for victims

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and survivors, and know who
they are and what they provide.

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You can use a list in
the description section

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of this training as a starting point.

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Work with your aviation organization

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to make this information
available in your facility

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and raise awareness and
education among staff.

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Be prepared if victims approach you

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by having a private secure
area where they can reach out

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for assistance and know
how to respond with empathy

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in a way that is
compassionate and empowering.

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Gender-based violence is a serious

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and unfortunately common occurrence.

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As an aviation industry employee,

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you interact with the traveling public.

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This puts you in a position to respond

00:11:49.290 --> 00:11:52.650
to self-disclosing victims
of gender-based violence

00:11:52.650 --> 00:11:55.260
and to get information
into the hands of those

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who need it most.

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Thank you for completing the
Gender-Based Violence course.

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You should now be able
to define the concept

00:12:03.710 --> 00:12:05.520 position:0% align:left line:90%
of gender-based violence,

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identify various forms
of gender-based violence,

00:12:09.080 --> 00:12:12.630 position:0% align:left line:90%
describe ways to support
gender-based violence victims

00:12:12.630 --> 00:12:13.703 position:0% align:left line:90%
and survivors.