Jack Rabbit III: Characterizing 2-Phase Ammonia Plume in a Controlled Static Environment Chamber Report

This test report details the Jack Rabbit III program conducted by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) Chemical Security Analysis Center (CSAC), focusing on characterizing the hazards of ammonia releases. The experiments were conducted in a controlled static environment chamber to study the effects of various environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, and excess CO₂ on ammonia plumes. Key findings include the sensitivity of ammonia mass yield to high temperatures, which is more pronounced than at high humidity, likely due to increased chemical reactivity and evaporation rates at elevated temperatures. The experiments provided critical empirical data, closing knowledge gaps in atmospheric modeling and improving hazard prediction accuracy. These results support the development of validated frameworks for emergency response and mitigation strategies, enhancing preparedness for both accidental and intentional chemical releases.