Status of Guidance and Scientific Knowledge on Using Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems for Protection During Radiological / Nuclear Emergencies

HVAC manipulations in the aftermath of radiological and nuclear emergencies can have a significant impact on the safety and well being of building occupants while sheltering in place, but there are still many unknowns regarding best practices to control airborne contaminants. Understanding the status of current published federal, state, and local guidance documents and how they inform their audiences can help inform where gaps or further research is required.  This literature review and analysis was conducted and published as two separate review papers from DHS Science & Technology Directorate (DHS S&T) and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), respectively. Both reviews examine the status of current guidance and scientific knowledge on how to use heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems for protection during a radiological or nuclear emergency.